Impact of Soil Type, Moisture, and Depth on Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Pupation and Emergence

Chen, M.; Shelton, Anthony M.

doi:10.1093/ee/36.6.1349

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Swede midges were reared on 'Snow Crown' cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae Linnaeus; Brassicaceae) (Stokes Seeds, Thorold, Ontario, Canada) according to the methods of Chen and Shelton (2007). Cauliflower was seeded into 128-cell flats and allowed to germinate in a greenhouse at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.…”

Section: Swede Midge Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for induction and quantification of diapause entry in the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

et al. 2012

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Induction of diapause under laboratory conditions is a valuable tool for the study of dormancy in economic pests such as the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In the present study, diapause in larval swede midge was achieved via manipulation of rearing photoperiod and temperature. Frequency of diapause was assessed by sieve separation of diapause cocoons from pre-sifted peat substrate following emergence of pupating individuals. Mean diapause frequency for swede midge larvae reared under cool conditions with short day length or cool conditions with decreasing day lengths were 45.2% and 19.5%, respectively. Only 1.2% of swede midge reared under warm, long day length conditions entered diapause. A small percentage of larvae neither pupated nor entered diapause and remained in substrate long after other individuals had emerged as adults. This behaviour was more prevalent under cool and short or decreasing day length rearing conditions. Approximately 76% of the larvae used for diapause induction were recovered with the present larval and cocoon retrieval method, and premature (larval and pupal) mortality averaged 18.2%. Although diapause occurred in the present study, conditions resulting in higher diapause frequencies should be investigated and attempts should be made to improve survival and recovery of individuals.Résumé-L'induction de la diapause dans des conditions de laboratoire est un outil précieux pour l'étude de la dormance chez les insectes ravageurs d'importance économique, tels que la cécidomyie du chou-fleur, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Dans notre étude, des manipulations des photopériodes et des températures d'élevage ont provoqué la diapause chez les larves de la cécidomyie du chou-fleur. La récupération des cocons en diapause par tamisage du substrat de tourbe pré-tamisée, après l'émergence des individus qui ont complété la nymphose, a permis d'estimer la fréquence de la diapause. La fréquence moyenne de la diapause est de 45,2% chez les larves de la cécidomyie du chou-fleur élevées en conditions fraîches et en photophase courte et de 19,5% en conditions fraîches avec durée décroissante de la photophase. Seulement 1,2% des larves de la cécidomyie du chou-fleur élevées dans des conditions de jours longs et chauds entrent en diapause. Un petit pourcentage de larves n'entre ni en nymphose ni en diapause et demeure dans le substrat longtemps après que les autres individus aient émergé comme adultes. Ce comportement est plus fréquent sous des conditions d'élevage à température fraîche et à photophase courte ou décroissante. Nous avons retrouvé environ 76% des larves utilisées dans les expériences d'induction de la diapause avec notre méthode de récupération des larves et des cocons; la mortalité avant la maturité (des larves et des nymphes) est en moyenne de 18,2%. Bien que la diapause se soit produite durant notre étude, il reste nécessaire de rechercher des conditions menant à des fréquences plus élevées de diapause et d'essayer d'améliorer la ...

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Section: Swede Midge Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colony originated from the Swiss Federal Research Station for Horticulture, Wädenswil, Switzerland (Chen and Shelton 2007). Adults were kept in Plexiglas s chambers (48 3 35.5 3 46 cm) with mesh on three sides, while larvae were kept in Plexiglas s chambers (61 3 91.5 3 61 cm) with mesh on two sides to maintain humidity.…”

Section: Swede Midge Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for induction and quantification of diapause entry in the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

et al. 2012

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“…The pupation success is dependent on the substrate type: while fine sand and soil are suitable for up to 80% of individuals, coarse sand leads to low adult emergence. Studies on other diptera species that pupate in the soil give inconsistent results, with significant effect of soil type on pupation of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Ali Ahmed et al, 2007) and Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Hulthen and Clarke, 2006), while no effect was found on Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Chen and Shelton, 2007). Our results also show that Endaphis mature larvae need a moist substrate to pupate successfully.…”

Section: Life-history Traitsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Ecological traits of a new aphid parasitoid, Endaphis fugitiva (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and its potential for biological control of the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Muratori¹,

Gagné²,

Messing³

2009

Biological Control

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Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/systentomologyusda Part of the Entomology CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of NebraskaLincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska -Lincoln.Muratori, Frédéric B.; Gagne, Raymond J.; and Messing, Rusell H., "Ecological traits of a new aphid parasitoid, Endaphis fugitiva (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and its potential for biological control of the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa (Hemiptera: Aphididae)" (2009 b s t r a c tMost parasitoids of aphids are small wasps belonging to the families Braconidae or Aphelinidae. However, some dipteran parasitoids are also known to use aphids as hosts. We describe and give life-history information on a new species of aphid parasitoid, Endaphis fugitiva Gagné and Muratori, found to parasitize the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, the vector of banana bunchy top virus. Field and laboratory observations show that fly eggs are laid on the leaves near an aphid colony, the newly hatched fly larvae search for hosts while crawling on the leaf, and then penetrate the aphid between the legs and thorax. They develop as koinobiont endoparasitoids, and eventually emerge from the aphid anus and fall to the ground to pupate in the soil. We provide data relevant to parasitoid rearing on patterns of emergence, adult longevity, and effects of pupation substrate on adult emergence rate, and we discuss the potential of this new species to contribute to the biocontrol of banana aphid in Hawaii.

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“…Edaphic factors such as soil temperature and water content inßuence the survival, development, reproduction, and spatial distribution of insects that spend part of their life cycle below ground (Brown and Gange 1990, Villani and Wright 1990, Chen and Shelton 2007. Edaphic factors set the limits of biological activity in poikilothermic insects, and their ßuctua-tions have consistent effects on soil-dwelling insects (Ré gniè re et al 1981a, Tanaka and Watari 2003, Johnson et al 2010.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Temperature and Moisture on Survival of Eggs and First-Instar Larvae of Delia radicum

et al. 2012

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Edaphic factors such as soil temperature and moisture influence soil-dwelling insects, whose most vulnerable stages typically are eggs and young larvae. In this study, the survival of eggs and first-instar larvae of the cabbage maggot, Delia radicum L., was measured under laboratory conditions after exposure to a range of soil temperatures and moistures. When eggs were exposed to constant temperature (20-29°C) and humidity (5-200% [wt:wt]), temperature had no significant effect on survival, whereas humidity <25% [wt:wt] caused egg mortality. The gradual exposure of eggs to high temperatures resulted in low mortality below 33°C, but <5% of eggs survived at 40°C. When first-instar larvae were exposed to constant temperature (17-29°C) and humidity (5-100% [wt:wt]), both factors as well as their interaction had a significant effect on larval survival, which was nil at 5% (wt:wt) for all temperatures but increased from 21.9 to 42.8% at 17°C and from 34.1 to 55.0% at 29°C, for soil moisture contents of 15% and 100% (wt:wt), respectively. Eggs of D. radicum are resistant to low soil moisture and high temperature conditions. Larval survival tends to increase with an increase in soil temperature and moisture. It is suggested that soil temperature be integrated into insect development simulation models instead of air temperature, to build more effective models for cabbage maggot management.

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Impact of Soil Type, Moisture, and Depth on Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Pupation and Emergence

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

A method for induction and quantification of diapause entry in the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

A method for induction and quantification of diapause entry in the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Ecological traits of a new aphid parasitoid, Endaphis fugitiva (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and its potential for biological control of the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Effect of Soil Temperature and Moisture on Survival of Eggs and First-Instar Larvae of Delia radicum

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