Impact of some new generation insecticides on soil arthropods in rice maize cropping system

Abstract

Background: Soil is the backbone of agriculture, and soil arthropods and earthworms are one of the key factors for maintaining soil physical characters. Densities of these populations are also an indicator of soil fertility. Several insecticides are now applied in field to manage different borer insects and get deposited in soil. They may exert impact on the inhabitants of soil. Methods: Seven different insecticides chemistry were evaluated to find out the impact (if any) on soil arthropods and earthworms in field condition. Simultaneously, richness of soil arthropods was enumerated using pitfall trap. Result: The arthropod diversity present in the experimental site has 92.58% richness of class insecta population; of which the order hymenoptera accounts for 57.34%. Other than class insecta, representatives of class arachnida, diplopoda, chilopoda, annelida, and crustacea are also recorded. Rynaxypyr, cartap hydrochloride, fipronil, and chlorpyrifos showed no significant detrimental effect on the collembola population present in soil. Then, 27.65% and 13.47% reduction of collembola population was noted in the case of carbofuran-and phorate-treated plot. Several minute soil arthropods recorded during experiment includes minute ants, beetles, and soil oribatid mites pseudoscorpions. No appreciable toxic effect was noticed by the insecticides on the basis of mean population count over control. Carbofuran recorded the highest population of earthcasts (15.59% more over untreated check), while imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and phorate showed negative impact. Imidacloprid showed maximum toxicity toward the redworm. Further, 33.14% reduction of population was recorded by imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos which also showed toxicity toward Eisenia fetida L, while rynaxypyr and fipronil recorded more population over control. Cartap hydrochloride, carbofuran, and phorate did not pronounce toxic impact on redworm. Conclusion: Collembola population was less sensitive toward rynaxypyr, cartap hydrochloride, fipronil, and chlorpyrifos. Imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and phorate showed negative impact on earthworm.

Compatibility of Insecticides with Rice Resistance to Planthoppers as Influenced by the Timing and Frequency of Applications

“…Among the products we examined, three products (carbofuran, fipronil and cypermethrin) reduced BPH densities and biomass densities when applied after planthoppers had colonized the rice plants. However, at least two of these products, carbofuran and fipronil, have severe impacts on farmers and pesticide applicators or on wildlife, and cypermethrin and fipronil can also directly reduce rice yields [24,80,[86][87][88][89]. Because of the vagaries of insecticides, that depend on the frequency and timing of applications as well as interactions with the host variety and environment, farmers should ensure that natural enemies are conserved in their rice fields and that ecosystem resilience is maintained by planting resistant rice, but avoiding insecticide use.…”

Toxicity of conventional pesticides on the ecosystem services of terrestrial arthropod fauna in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cultivation in San Martin, Peru

“…Los plaguicidas que representaron un mayor efecto en la fauna de suelo fueron el clorpirifos con base a Dmg para los depredadores, el carbofurano y el oxicloruro de cobre con base a S y Dmg para los detritívoros en comparación a la cipermetrina. Otras investigaciones muestran ausencia de efectos por el clorpirifos y alta toxicidad del carbofurano en la microfauna de suelo evaluadas por trampas pit fall (Ghosal & Hati, 2019). Muchos plaguicidas como el clorpirifos, carbofurano y el oxicloruro de cobre suelen reducir la abundancia de la artropofauna al aumentar directamente la mortalidad o reducir la fecundidad de la fauna componente del suelo (Sánchez-Bayo, 2021).…”

Influence of anthropogenic factors on the fauna of diplopods in the steppe zone of Ukraine

“…Вплив інсектицидів на ґрунтових членистоногих і дощових черв'яків у польових умовах вивчали Ghosal & Hati (2019). Вони виявили зниження чисельності різних видів безхребетних -мешканців ґрунту (на 14,0 %), а також максимальну токсичність імідаклоприду щодо Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) (Opisthopora, Lumbricidae) Під час моніторингу 2005-2012 років комах, які імігрували з Азії до Японії, Matsumura et al (2013) (Kozak et al, 2020).…”