Underdevelopment in Nigeria was attributed to the governments’ inability to invest in infrastructure, social inclusion, creation of jobs and youth empowerment, and improved the economy’s human capacity base. Therefore, this study examines Nigeria’s tax structure and economic development from the standpoint of infrastructural deficiencies. This study’s population consisted of 4,200 tax practitioners, senior management staff of the Federal Inland Revenue Service in Lagos State. Simultaneously, Taro Yamane’s formula was used to determine the sample size of 365. Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients take values between 0.864 and 0.952, thus confirming the reliability of data used. The study employed a survey research design using a structured questionnaire administered to senior tax practitioners and senior staff of the Federal Inland Revenue Service. A total of 85% of the questionnaire administered were retrieved while descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The study found that the tax structure had a significant positive effect on infrastructure in Nigeria. The study recommended that investors critically and objectively study and understand the tax base dynamics and tax rates as they affect their taxable income from their investments.