Impact of temperature on an emerging parasitic association between a sperm-feeding scuticociliate and Northeast Pacific sea stars

Bates, Amanda E.; Stickle, William B.; Harley, Christopher D. G.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.12.001

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Our results suggest that both abiotic factors, such as water temperature or suspended matter, and related biotic factors such as chl a and phaeopig ment concentration in water, could play a role in the observed epidemiological parameter variations by directly af fecting the parasite and/or indirectly affecting the parasite through host physiological changes that re main to be tested in further investigations. The relationship be tween pre va lence and infection in tensity sug gests a link in the mechanism driving transmission among individuals at a population level and digestive gland physiology at an individual level, as Bates et al (2010) proposed for another hostpara site system (i.e. sea stars Asterina miniata or Pis as ter ochraceus and the ciliate Orchi to phrya stellarum).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Seasonal dynamics of zebra mussel parasite populations

Minguez¹,

Giambérini²

2012

Aquat. Biol.

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The seasonal dynamics of 8 parasite taxa in zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha were studied in the Meuse River (NE France) over a 3 yr period. In total, 69.5% of sampled organisms were infected. Among observed parasite species, Ophryoglena spp. and to a lesser extent Rickettsiales-like organisms (RLOs) displayed seasonal dynamics, with lower prevalence during warmer months negatively correlated with gonadal development in the host, water temperature and phytoplankton concentration. Furthermore, this study highlights a positive correlation between the prevalence rates of Ophryoglena spp. and RLOs. No temporal variations were ob served for the ciliates Sphenophrya dreissenae and Conchophthirus acuminatus. Concerning trematode infection, no defined seasonal pattern was observed. Thus, for more reliability in future biomonitoring studies involving zebra mussels, it will be important to include the influence of parasites and their temporal dynamics. KEY WORDS: Parasitism · Season · Dreissena polymorpha · BiomonitoringResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Aquat Biol 15: 145-151, 2012 146 1994). D. poly mor pha is an invasive species that has successfully colonised a wide range of ecosystems throughout Eu rope and North America, where it has become common over wide areas (McMahon 1996). Like a very large number of organisms, zebra mussels have been documented to have a variety of parasites needing one or several hosts to complete their life cycles. Among these, we focused on parasites common in our study area: (1) commensal (Conchophthi rus acu mi na tus) and parasitic ciliates (Ophryogle na spp. and Spheno phrya dreissenae), (2) intracellular bacteria (Rickettsiales-like organisms [RLOs]), and (3) 3 tre ma tode species, Phyllodistomum folium, Bu cepha lus polymor phus and Echinopary phium sp. (Molloy et al. 1997(Molloy et al. , 2001(Molloy et al. , 2005.In the framework of environmental parasitology, a better understanding of interactions between parasite species and host is necessary. However, these interactions are poorly documented in the freshwater zebra mussel, in contrast with other invertebrate species presenting an economic interest. The present study aimed to acquire information on the temporal dynamics of Dreissena polymorpha parasite populations that could help to improve standardisation of ecotoxicological studies using this species as a test organism. We conducted seasonal parasite surveys over a period of 3 yr in the Meuse River in northeastern France, and discuss herein in the relationships with mussel reproduction and environmental factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS SamplingBetween 30 and 200 zebra mussels were handpicked at between 80 and 120 cm depth from the rocky shores of the Meuse River at Commercy (48°45' 21.29" N, 5°36' 25.37" E), a relatively unpolluted site, between January 2006 and October 2008 (for more details on site physico-chemical characteristics see Minguez et al. 2009). The samples were not taken at regular intervals but they followe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Seasonal dynamics of zebra mussel parasite populations

Minguez¹,

Giambérini²

2012

Aquat. Biol.

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“…Looking to a future with ongoing changes in environmental conditions, the role of parasites already common in Svalbard copepod populations could change, in ways that remain difficult to predict. The responses of parasite-host systems to environmental change are complex and multifaceted; various environmental factors such as changes in temperature, salinity, acidification, and circulation may influence different parasites and hosts in multiple ways, with combined responses which are nonlinear and difficult to predict (Harvell et al 2002;Hamilton et al 2009;Lafferty 2009;Bates et al 2010).…”

Section: Broader Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite–copepod interactions in Svalbard: diversity, host specificity, and seasonal patterns

et al. 2022

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Copepods of the genera Calanus and Pseudocalanus are important components of Arctic marine ecosystems. Despite the key roles of these zooplankters, little is known about the organisms they interact with most intimately, their parasites and symbionts. We applied metabarcode sequencing to uncover eukaryotic parasites present within these two copepod genera from three areas around the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Ten distinct parasite groups were observed: four different Apostome ciliates, four different dinoflagellates (Chytriodinium sp., Ellobiopsis sp., Thalassomyces sp., and Hematodinium sp.), a Paradinium sp., and a trematode. Apostome ciliates closely related to Pseudocollinia spp. were the most commonly observed parasite, with overall infection rates of 21.5% in Calanus and 12.5% in Pseudocalanus. Infection by these ciliates varied seasonally, with no infections observed in early winter, but infection rates exceeding 75% in spring. Host specificity varied between parasites, with significant differences in infection rate between the two host copepod genera for four parasites (two ciliates, Chytriodinium, and a trematode). The diverse assemblage of parasites observed in these copepods, and the frequency of infection, with over one in five copepod individuals infected, suggest parasites may be playing a greater role in Arctic plankton communities than generally acknowledged.

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Host–Symbiont Relationships: Understanding the Change from Guest to Pest

Overstreet

Lotz

2016

Advances in Environmental Microbiology

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The several meanings for the term "symbiosis" create confusion, which can be avoided when the author provides details of the interrelationships between the symbiotic organism and the "host" so that a reader can clearly understand what definition is implied in each case. For example, we, as opposed to many other mentioned readers, consider a symbiont as an organism living in an association with another regardless of whether it causes a pathologic response or not, but from our title, the reader may incorrectly infer that we consider a parasite to be different from a symbiont. A symbiont is an organism that uses another organism as a habitat. This chapter discusses the primary associations and associated conflicts involving the terminology. It also provides both differentiation between and conflicting views regarding the interpretation of the terms "infect" and "infest," "infection" and "disease," and other terms. Many seemingly harmless symbionts of a wide array of taxonomic groups are triggered to become pathogenic or virulent, and we provide several examples of the provoking (stimulating) triggers, with the understanding that in most cases, the conditions for the triggered activities are much more complex and complicated than presented. Examples of triggers follow: environmental ones like temperature, toxic chemicals (dose), chemotherapeutics, dietary changes, and geographic habits; internal ones like host site, host resistance or susceptibility, and host modifications; and combinations of these and other conditions. We provide examples involving multiple triggers for organisms associated with termites, for an endemic virus being affected by multiple factors and having multiple effects on its commercial penaeid shrimp hosts, and for contrasting variables associated with two exotic viruses in wild and cultured commercial penaeid shrimps with an emphasis on hypothesizing how the pathogenicity developed in these two viruses. The chapter ends by trying to answer the question of why would a symbiont become pathogenic in some hosts and not in others from an evolutionary perspective. It uses two hypotheses to explain the increased virulence.

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Impact of temperature on an emerging parasitic association between a sperm-feeding scuticociliate and Northeast Pacific sea stars

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Seasonal dynamics of zebra mussel parasite populations

Seasonal dynamics of zebra mussel parasite populations

Parasite–copepod interactions in Svalbard: diversity, host specificity, and seasonal patterns

Host–Symbiont Relationships: Understanding the Change from Guest to Pest

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