Impact of test cycle on mass, number and particle size distribution of particulates emitted from gasoline direct injection vehicles

Hu, Zhiyuan; Lu, Zhangying; Song, Bo; Quan, Yifeng

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143128

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…CLTC reflects more truly the requirements of working conditions with Chinese characteristics. [51,52] It exhibits the following features at the whole vehicle level: 1) More reasonable definition of average and maximum speed; 2) More reasonable stop mode ratio; 3) Richer dynamic acceleration and deceleration conditions; 4) CLTC and NEDC have similar power distribution; 5) The change of speed ratio has little effect on the comprehensive efficiency of electric drive system; and 6) At different speed ratios, CLTC shows better braking energy recovery effect than NEDC.…”

Section: Results Analysis Of China Light-duty Vehicle Test Cycle-pass...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydraulic Power Switching Control for Mechatronics–Electrohydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicles Considering Optimal Speed Thresholds

Yang

Zhang²,

Hong

2023

Energy Tech

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Switching between different working modes customarily brings sudden changes in torque and speed, leading to energy wastage for mechatronics‐electro‐hydraulic power coupling electric vehicles. Investigating the effect of vehicle speed thresholds on operating mode switching when working in concert with compound energy sources is timely. Thus, under the constraint of a known reference path, the optimal threshold is determined by weighing the path tracking accuracy and economic performance with the vehicle speed and the accumulator pressure as control variables. Wherein the constraint relationship between the factors is fully elucidated by combining various typical and actual road conditions. The validation results indicate a positive correlation between the starting acceleration capacity and the threshold value for a certain accumulator volume. The optimal speed thresholds under new European driving cycle, China light‐duty vehicle test cycle‐passenger, and actual routes are 4.1, 3.81, and 3.66 m s−1, with state of charge consumption rates of 6.30%, 8.56%, and 4.25%, respectively. More frequent speed switching may lead to excessive hydraulic power wastage, thereby increasing dependence on electrical power. Appropriate threshold setting can effectively enhance path tracking accuracy and hydraulic utilization under unpredictable road conditions. This research may in the future provide theoretical support for the rational control and interconstraint mechanism of energy utilization in hybrid vehicles.

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Section: Results Analysis Of China Light-duty Vehicle Test Cycle-pass...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydraulic Power Switching Control for Mechatronics–Electrohydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicles Considering Optimal Speed Thresholds

Yang

Zhang²,

Hong

2023

Energy Tech

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“…Pb has been added to fuel as well as car components such as batteries, wheel rims, wheel balancing weights, and aluminum alloys. Pb concentrations in lead–acid batteries in private automobiles and trucks are approximately 10 kg and 12.5 kg, respectively, accounting for more than 90% of a vehicle’s total lead mass [ 25 , 123 ]. Nriagu [ 124 ] reported that leaded gasoline has been in use for half a century, and the total amount of lead released into the atmosphere was about 7 million tons in the United States.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment of Surface Dust in the Arid NW China

Yang

Eziz

Hayrat

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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High concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in urban surface dust (USD) can be extremely hazardous to urban ecology and human health. Oasis cities are located at the edge of deserts and are more exposed to salt/sandstorms, and they face a significantly higher accumulation of USD than wet or semi-humid areas. However, systematic studies on the pollution and risk assessment of HMs in USD in oasis cities have rarely been conducted. This study systematically analyzed the enrichment status, spatial distribution, pollution levels, health risks, and sources of HMs in USD in a typical oasis city (Changji city). The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Cu in the USD of Changji city were 46.83, 26.35, 9.92, 0.21, 0.047, and 59.33 mg/kg, respectively, and the results of the pollution index evaluation showed moderate Pb, Hg, and Cu pollution, mild Cd pollution, and no Ni or As pollution. The spatial distribution of HM concentrations in the USD was substantially heterogeneous. High values of Pb, Hg, and Cu concentrations were mainly observed in areas with relatively intensive transportation and commercial activities, and high values of Cd and Ni were observed in industrial areas. The health risk assessment showed that HMs do not pose non-carcinogenic risks to humans at their current level, but they pose a carcinogenic risk to children, with As contributing the largest carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. The source identification of HMs showed that the main pollution of HMs were traffic sources for Pb and Cu, industrial sources for Ni and Cd, natural sources for As, and coal-fired sources for Hg. According to the results of the quantitative analysis with the positive matrix factorization, the contribution of pollution sources followed this order: industrial sources (31.08%) > traffic sources (26.80%) > coal-fired sources (23.31%) > natural sources (18.81%).

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“…At idle condition, the reduction for CO was also confirmed which accounted for 40.5 and 38.0% for 0.6 L min -1 and 1.2 L min -1 , respectively. Hydrogen-gasoline dual fuel mixture increases the H/C ratio, reduces combustion duration, and improves the diffusivity of hydrogen (Hu et al, 2021). Compared to other fuels, it provides homogeneous combustion mixture and makes more oxygen to enhance the combustion.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Saving and Pollutant Emission Reduction by Adding Hydrogen in a Gasoline-fueled Engine

Lin

Jhang

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Pollution reduction related to combustion engines is considered to be an important issue around the world. Hydrogen as an additive energy has been utilized for alternative fuel since it need not require any modification. Particularly, it has been considered as a sustainable option for diminishing petroleum dependence and air pollutant emissions. In this study, we investigated the tailpipe emission with hydrogen addition for different driving behavior such as cold-start, idle, urban (UDC) and extra-urban (EUDC) under New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The results showed that urban driving could attribute the most emissions in comparison to the high speed mode. Hydrogen addition enhanced the combustion process and the average reduction rates were observed 21.6% & 65.8% for hydrocarbon (HC), 2.37% & 85.4% for carbon monoxide (CO), and 7.53% & 59.3% for nitrogen oxides (NOx) when run at UDC and EUDC, respectively. The wide flammability of hydrogen ensures a homogeneous fuel-air mixture for complete combustion and reduces the HC, CO and NOx emissions. It is noteworthy that starting with less amount of hydrogen could greatly decrease HC followed by CO and NOx. Compared to conventional gasoline (G0), the average fuel consumption was reduced by 1.3% when a small amount of hydrogen was applied as an additive fuel.

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Impact of test cycle on mass, number and particle size distribution of particulates emitted from gasoline direct injection vehicles

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Electrohydraulic Power Switching Control for Mechatronics–Electrohydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicles Considering Optimal Speed Thresholds

Electrohydraulic Power Switching Control for Mechatronics–Electrohydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicles Considering Optimal Speed Thresholds

Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment of Surface Dust in the Arid NW China

Energy Saving and Pollutant Emission Reduction by Adding Hydrogen in a Gasoline-fueled Engine

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