Impact of Textile on Electromagnetic Power and Heating in Near-Surface Tissues at 26 GHz and 60 GHz

Sacco, Giuseppe; Pisa, Stefano

doi:10.1109/jerm.2020.3042390

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Especially when the cloth material of M4 is used, a significant fluctuation with a reduced period is shown compared with other cloth materials. This indicates that the variation of an air gap between the cloth and skin can decrease or increase the electromagnetic field power deposition in the skin tissues, as reported in (31). However, the variation normalized to the maximum mean value of APD is within −1 dB when θ 0 < 40 • .…”

Section: Transmittance and Absorbed Power Density At Skin Surfacementioning

confidence: 71%

“…For consistency with the results obtained by (14), the dielectric properties of multi-layer skin tissue reported by (15,33) using a sufficient number of samples considering the individual differences in gender and age. In addition, we employed the relative complex permittivities and thicknesses of six different types of cloth materials based on the published data in (31,36). The Monte Carlo simulation was conducted based on the statistical data on cloth material and skin tissue thickness using normally distributed random numbers generated by Matlab R2021a (14).…”

Section: Methods and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the use of MMW wireless device approaching a human body wearing clothes made of different textile materials, the difference compared with bare skin should be clarified for accurate dosimetry. Several studies have investigated the cloth impacts on the variation of electromagnetic power deposition at MMW (3,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Through the analysis of the power penetration, it is well-known that the cloth material acts as an impedance transformer and may increase the power absorption in the clothed skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the analysis of the power penetration, it is well-known that the cloth material acts as an impedance transformer and may increase the power absorption in the clothed skin. In addition, the impact of a textile layer in the contact or proximity of skin on the power transmission coefficient, APD and temperature rise at 26 and 60 GHz has been reported in the literature ( 31 ). The literature ( 31 ) firstly gives a detailed evaluation of power absorption and thermal dosimetry under plane wave normal incidence conditions considering the influence of the textile material and air gap spacing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the impact of a textile layer in the contact or proximity of skin on the power transmission coefficient, APD and temperature rise at 26 and 60 GHz has been reported in the literature ( 31 ). The literature ( 31 ) firstly gives a detailed evaluation of power absorption and thermal dosimetry under plane wave normal incidence conditions considering the influence of the textile material and air gap spacing. They clarified that the presence of an air gap between the cloth and the skin modifies the electromagnetic power deposition, which may result in a temperature rise variation from −11.1 to 20.9% compared to the bare skin at 60 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo Simulation of Clothed Skin Exposure to Electromagnetic Field With Oblique Incidence Angles at 60 GHz

Sasaki

2022

Front. Public Health

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This study presents an investigation of clothed human skin exposure to obliquely incident electromagnetic waves at 60 GHz. We clarified the combined impacts of the cloth material, incidence angle, and polarization on the assessment of transmittance and absorbed power density (APD) at the skin surface. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted considering the thickness variation of the cloth material and skin tissue. For the case of transverse magnetic™ wave exposure, the transmittance increases with increasing incident angle up to the maximum transmittance angle in the range from 60 to 80°, which is known as the Brewster effects, regardless of textile materials and air gap between cloth and skin. The air gap results in a periodic fluctuation of the APD, where the variation is almost within 1 dB when the incident power density is constant and the incident angle is smaller than 40°. Our results also show that as the air gap increases to 2.5 mm, i.e., half-wavelength at 60 GHz in the air, the APD within the skin surface covered by typical cloth materials increases up to 40% compared with that of bare skin. Although the use of several cloth materials may increase the transmittance and APD in oblique incidence scenarios, all the results of the APD do not exceed the basic restriction for local exposure, demonstrating that the current guidelines for human exposure to electromagnetic fields are appropriate for preventing the excessive exposure at 60 GHz considering the impacts of oblique incidence angles and cloth materials.

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Section: Transmittance and Absorbed Power Density At Skin Surfacementioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Methods and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo Simulation of Clothed Skin Exposure to Electromagnetic Field With Oblique Incidence Angles at 60 GHz

Sasaki

2022

Front. Public Health

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Calculated Epithelial/Absorbed Power Density for Exposure From Antennas at 10–90 GHz: Intercomparison Study Using a Planar Skin Model

Kodera

Poljak

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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International organizations have collaborated to revise standards and guidelines for human protection from exposure to electromagnetic fields. In the frequency range of 6-300 GHz, the permissible spatially averaged epithelial/absorbed power density, which is primarily derived from thermal modeling, is considered as the basic restriction. However, for the averaging methods of the epithelial/absorbed power density inside human tissues, only a few groups have presented calculated results obtained using different exposure conditions and numerical methods. Because experimental validation is extremely difficult in this frequency range, this paper presents the first intercomparison study of the calculated epithelial/absorbed power density inside a human body model exposed to different frequency sources ranging from 10-90 GHz. This intercomparison aims to clarify the difference in the calculated results caused by different numerical electromagnetic methods in dosimetry analysis from 11 research groups using planar skin models. To reduce the comparison variances caused by various key parameters, computational conditions (e.g., the antenna type, dimensions, and dielectric properties of the skin models) were unified. The results indicate that the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) of the peak spatially averaged epithelial/absorbed power densities for oneand three-layer skin models are less than 17.49% and 17.39%, respectively, when using a dipole antenna as the exposure source. For the dipole array antenna, the corresponding maximum RSD increases to 32.49% and 42.55%, respectively. Under the considered exposure scenarios, the RSD in the spatially averaged epithelial/absorbed power densities decrease from 42.55% to 16.7% when the frequency is increased from 10-90 GHz. Furthermore, the deviation from the two equations recommended by the exposure guidelinesThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Sandra Costanzo .

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Effect of Realistic Body Models on Plane Wave Reflection at mmWaves

Colella,

Di Meo,

Pasian

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC)

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Impact of Textile on Electromagnetic Power and Heating in Near-Surface Tissues at 26 GHz and 60 GHz

Abstract: This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Monte Carlo Simulation of Clothed Skin Exposure to Electromagnetic Field With Oblique Incidence Angles at 60 GHz

Monte Carlo Simulation of Clothed Skin Exposure to Electromagnetic Field With Oblique Incidence Angles at 60 GHz

Calculated Epithelial/Absorbed Power Density for Exposure From Antennas at 10–90 GHz: Intercomparison Study Using a Planar Skin Model

Effect of Realistic Body Models on Plane Wave Reflection at mmWaves

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