Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on acute mastoiditis in children in southern Israel: A 12-year retrospective comparative study (2005–2016)

Sapir, Aviad; Ziv, Oren; Leibovitz, Eugene; Kordeluk, Sophia; Rinott, Ehud; El‐Saied, Sabri; Greenberg, David; Kaplan, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110485

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As observed in our study, Laursen et al described a decreased prevalence from 44-10% in pneumococcal AM after PCV implementation in Denmark [7]. Similar results were reported in Israel [5]. In Spain, although there is no speci c data on AM, a recent study in Madrid showed a signi cant decrease in the prevalence of S. pneumoniae pneumonia in a similar period [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Beyond these etiological changes, the overall incidence of AM did not change in our cohort during the study period, as seen in other settings [5,6]. Since PCV7 was introduced into immunization programs globally after 2000, and PCV13 after 2010, we are now observing the early effects of these interventions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The incidence of AM varies from 1.2 to 6.1/100,000 children per year [1,2] and, although PCV have proven to decrease invasive pneumococcal infections in children [3,4], the impact on AM is not well established. Some investigators have reported a decrease in AM after PCV introduction [1] but in other studies this trend has not been con rmed [4,5]. Other bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes [7] and Fusobacterium necrophorum [8], are emerging as important causes of AM and frequently associated with complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis according to the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination in a Spanish population

Manzanares

Aguilera‐Alonso

Santos-Sebastián

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis over a 20-year period (2000-2019) in the pediatric population attended in our institution, and to evaluate changes in the etiology according to the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). Methods: Retrospective, observational study including children < 16 years diagnosed with acute mastoiditis between January 2000 and December 2019 at a tertiary hospital in Madrid (Spain). The study was grouped into four 5-year periods (2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2019) and the percentage change (PC) in the incidence rate and in the prevalence of each microorganism isolated were estimated to characterize trends, with log-transformed data models. Result: 219 episodes from 209 patients were included. The incidence rate of AM remained stable during the study period, with an average of 2.2 cases/10,000 emergency department visits/year. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of S. pneumoniae (PC: -22.4% [95% CI: −34.9, -7.4]; p=0.025), from 19% in the pre-PCV period (2000-2005) to 9% in the last period. Serotypes contained in the PCV13 significantly decrease from 92% in the pre-PCV13V period to 33% in the post-PCV13V period (p=0.022). S. pyogeneswas the main microorganism isolated in the last study period, showing a significant increase in its prevalence from 5% in the third to 19% in the last period (p=0.046). Conclusions: Although the incidence of AM in children remained stable in our study, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae significantly decreased in the post-PCV era, with S. pyogenesbecoming the main microorganism isolated after the implementation of PCV13.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis according to the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination in a Spanish population

Manzanares

Aguilera‐Alonso

Santos-Sebastián

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Zwei britische Studien, die sich auf kontinuierlich dokumentierte Daten aus Einrichtungen der Primärversorgung beziehen, zeigten ein statistisch signifikant erhöhtes AM-Risiko bei zurückhaltendem Einsatz von Antibiotika, errechneten aber eine Number Needed to Treat von 4000 Kindern mit AOM, um einen Fall von AM zu verhindern 16 19 . Die allgemeine Empfehlung zur 7- und später 13-valenten Konjugatimpfung gegen invasive Pneumokokken-Serotypen hat das Risiko für eine AM reduziert 18 .…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Ambulante Antibiotika-Verordnungsrate und Mastoiditis-Fälle bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Saarland, 2014–2019

Brockhaus¹,

Wenzel

Becker

et al. 2021

Klin Padiatr

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Infektionen der Atemwege sind die Hauptindikation für eine ambulante Antibiotikatherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In den letzten Jahren ist die Antibiotika-Verordnungsrate (AVR) in der pädiatrischen Bevölkerung im Saarland deutlich zurückgegangen. Ziele und Fragestellung Ziel des retrospektiven Mastoiditis-Audits im PaedineSaar Netzwerk ist es, die Inzidenz der stationären akuten Mastoiditis (AM) im Saarland (2014–2019) im Hinblick auf die sinkende AVR bei Kindern zu untersuchen sowie Daten zum klinischen Verlauf der AM zu erheben. Methoden Es wurden alle stationären AM-Fälle (2014–2019) aus 6 Kliniken für Kinderheilkunde und/oder HNO-Heilkunde im Saarland und Trier retrospektiv ausgewertet. Patienten mit AM im Alter von 0–17 Jahren mit Wohnsitz im Saarland wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Ergebnisse Zwischen 2014 und 2019 wurden 53 stationär behandelte AM-Fälle erfasst. Während des Studienzeitraums gab es keinen signifikanten Anstieg der AM-Inzidenz (mittlere Inzidenz 2014–2019 6,1/100 000). 34% (18/53) der Patienten erhielten prästationär eine orale antibiotische Therapie. Mindestens eine Komplikation trat bei 30% der Patienten (16/53) auf. Es zeigte sich ein leichter Trend zu mehr Komplikationen bei Kindern ohne orale Antibiotikabehandlung vor der stationären Aufnahme (14/35 (40%) vs. 2/18 (11%) P=0,056). Diskussion Die Inzidenz der stationär behandelten AM im Saarland ist 2014–2019 trotz eines signifikanten Rückgangs der ambulanten AVR nicht gestiegen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Audits sollen zur Entwicklung eines standardisierten Vorgehens bei der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Kindern mit AM dienen.

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“…As a result of the proximity of the mastoid to the cranium, infection can progress to life‐threatening complications of the central nervous system 3–7 . Despite of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 followed by PCV13) during the past decade, the incidence of acute mastoiditis has not declined 8–11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of pediatric recurrent acute mastoiditis: A case–control study

Gelbart

Bilavsky

Scheurman

et al. 2023

Pediatrics International

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Background Data on pediatric recurrent acute mastoiditis are lacking, despite its morbidity and clinical significance. Our aim was to describe the incidence, characteristics, and associated factors of recurrent mastoiditis in hospitalized children. Methods Using a case–control design, analyzing electronic data of hospitalized children with acute mastoiditis between June 2011 and December 2018, children with recurrent mastoiditis were compared to children with a single episode at the time of hospitalization. Recurrent episodes of mastoiditis were compared to the first episodes. Recurrent acute mastoiditis was defined as recurring mastoiditis ≥4‐weeks after a completely resolved event. Results Of 347 children hospitalized with acute mastoiditis, 22 (6.3%) had recurrent mastoiditis; the median interval between episodes was 3 months (range: 1–36). The mean ± SD age was 2.3 ± 2.25 years. A comparison of first episodes in recurring cases to single episodes by univariate and multivariate analysis, showed no differences in the pre‐admission management or in the isolated pathogens; however, a history of atopic dermatitis and percutaneous abscess drainage were more frequent in first episodes of recurring cases (27.3% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001, and 27.3% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.026, respectively). The second episode of acute mastoiditis was characterized by a milder clinical course and shorter durations from symptoms to hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and length of hospital stay. Linear regression showed that an increased interval from symptoms to hospitalization significantly increased length of hospital stay (regression coefficient of 0.215 [95% CI: 0.114‐0.317], p < 0.001). Conclusions Recurrent episodes of mastoiditis were clinically milder, with shorter length of hospital stay compared to first episodes, possibly because of early admission.

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Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on acute mastoiditis in children in southern Israel: A 12-year retrospective comparative study (2005–2016)

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Changes in the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis according to the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination in a Spanish population

Changes in the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis according to the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination in a Spanish population

Ambulante Antibiotika-Verordnungsrate und Mastoiditis-Fälle bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Saarland, 2014–2019

Characteristics of pediatric recurrent acute mastoiditis: A case–control study

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