Impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the health of Canadians: repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007–2013

Nour, Sabrina; Labonté, Ronald; Bancej, Christina

doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207661

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In particular, it is plausible that the 2008 economic crisis negatively affected the health of the population. In the short term, mental health may be more strongly affected than physical health by an economic crisis 10. Consistent with our findings, other recent studies report that men have been more affected than women by the adverse consequences on mental health of the economic crisis 18 19…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Contrasted trends in health-related quality of life across gender, age categories and work status in France, 1995–2016: repeated population-based cross-sectional surveys using the SF-36

Clause-Verdreau

Audureau

Leplège

et al. 2018

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundInterest in monitoring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in general populations has increased in the past 20 years, reinforced by population ageing and repeated economic crises. This study aims to identify temporal trends in HRQoL in France between 1995 and 2016 and to assess disparities according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.MethodsData from repeated population-based cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1995, 2003 and 2016 were used. HRQoL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire.ResultsA substantial decrease in score was observed between 1995 and 2016 for both genders in almost all subscales of the SF-36, with the largest decrease being in the mental health dimension for men. However, the age group 18–54 years were the most affected with persistent negative or even worsening trends in HRQoL. The largest decreases were among men aged 45–54 years and women aged 35–44 years in most dimensions, and among the age group 18–24 years in vitality. Conversely, an overall improvement was noted among the age group 65–84 years. People in employment were more affected than the unemployed by the decline in several HRQoL dimensions.ConclusionA general decline in HRQoL was found between 1995 and 2016 in the French population, but with wide disparities in trends between age groups. Young and especially middle-aged, employed people exhibited persistent negative and worsening trends. Consistent with evidence from traditional mental health morbidity and mortality indicators, our findings raise questions about the potential influence of macro-socioeconomic factors, especially the 2008 crisis; these observations deserve special attention from health policy-makers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Contrasted trends in health-related quality of life across gender, age categories and work status in France, 1995–2016: repeated population-based cross-sectional surveys using the SF-36

Clause-Verdreau

Audureau

Leplège

et al. 2018

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Although the symbolic value of EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization accession in 2004 and joining the eurozone in 2011 may also have contributed to positive mental health developments, these events do not explain the sudden increase in the prevalence of depression in 2010. Our results thus seem to provide support for previous findings that the recent recession had a substantial negative impact on population mental health 12 13 31 32. As both the recession and its impact on depression seem to have been relatively brief in Estonia, it might explain why Reibling et al 18 did not find any increase in depression in Estonia in 2012 and 2014 compared with 2006 in their multicountry study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004–2016

Leinsalu

Reile

Stickley

2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundIn the 2000s, the Baltic countries experienced unprecedented credit-driven economic growth that was followed by a deep recession. This study examined the impact of profound macroeconomic changes on population mental health in Estonia in 2004–2016.MethodsData on 17 794 individuals in the 20–64 age group were obtained from seven nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. The prevalence of past 30-day depression was calculated for men and women further stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess whether these characteristics were associated with the yearly variation in depression.ResultsIn 2006, the adjusted prevalence ratio for depression was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.93) for men and 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.97) for women as compared with 2004; in 2010, the prevalence ratio as compared with 2008 for both men and women was 1.22 (95% CIs 1.04 to 1.43 and 1.09 to 1.37, respectively). Among men, the increase in the prevalence of depression in 2008–2010 was statistically significant for 35–64 year olds, ethnic Estonians, those who were married, mid-educated or were employed, whereas among women, a significant increase was observed in 50–64 year olds, Estonians and non-Estonians, those who were not-married, were highly educated or mid-educated, in the mid-income group or were employed.ConclusionsPopulation mental health is responsive to macroeconomic changes. In less wealthy high-income countries, the greater impact of recession on depression among advantaged groups may relate to a higher debt burden coupled with job insecurity.

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“…In general, Canada experienced a shorter and milder recession than other advanced capitalist countries [104]. Nevertheless, it is possible that fluctuating rates of unemployment over the course of the study period biased our results [105]. However, an earlier Canadian study found that the association between unemployment and health did not vary according to local unemployment rates [106].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widening health inequalities between the employed and the unemployed: A decomposition of trends in Canada (2000-2014)

et al. 2018

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Recent developments in the social epidemiological literature indicate that health inequalities between the employed and the unemployed are widening in many advanced capitalist countries. At present, we know relatively little about why these inequalities are worsening. Drawing on nationally-representative data from the largest health survey in Canada, we explored this question by analyzing changes in self-rated health inequalities between employed and unemployed Canadians from 2000 to 2014. Using a regression-based method that decomposes a given inequality into its component sources, we investigated the extent to which risk factors that account for unemployment-related health inequalities at a single point in time can also explain the extent and direction of change in these unemployment-related health inequalities over time. Our results indicate that relative and absolute health inequalities between employed and unemployed Canadians widened over the study period. Between 2000 and 2014, the prevalence of poor self-rated health among unemployed Canadians increased from 10.8% to 14.6%, while rates among employed Canadians were stable at around 6%. Our findings suggest that the demographic, socioeconomic, and proximal risk factors that are routinely used to explain unemployment-related health inequalities may not be as powerful for explaining how and why these inequalities change over time. In the case of unemployment-related health inequalities in Canada, these risk factors explain neither the increasing prevalence of poor self-rated health among the unemployed nor the growing gap between the unemployed and their employed counterparts. We provide several possible explanations for these puzzling findings. We conclude by suggesting that widening health inequalities may be driven by macrosocial trends (e.g. widening income inequality and declining social safety nets) which have changed the meaning and context of unemployment, as well as its associated risk factors, in ways that are not easy to capture using routinely available survey data.

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Impact of the 2008 global financial crisis on the health of Canadians: repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2007–2013

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Contrasted trends in health-related quality of life across gender, age categories and work status in France, 1995–2016: repeated population-based cross-sectional surveys using the SF-36

Contrasted trends in health-related quality of life across gender, age categories and work status in France, 1995–2016: repeated population-based cross-sectional surveys using the SF-36

Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004–2016

Widening health inequalities between the employed and the unemployed: A decomposition of trends in Canada (2000-2014)

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