Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular heart disease medication use: time-series analysis of England’s prescription data during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2019 to October 2020)

Barrett, Ravina; Hodgkinson, James

doi:10.1177/17539447221137170

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease

2022

DOI: 10.1177/17539447221137170

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular heart disease medication use: time-series analysis of England’s prescription data during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2019 to October 2020)

Ravina Barrett

James Hodgkinson

Abstract: Background: Management of high blood pressure (BP) typically requires adherence to medication regimes. However, it is known that the COVID-19 pandemic both interrupted access to some routine prescriptions and changed some patient health behaviours. Aim: This study, therefore, retrospectively investigated prescription reimbursement of cardiovascular (CVD) medicines as a proxy measure for patient adherence and access to medicines during the pandemic. Methods: A cohort study of all primary care patients in Englan… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dispensing of Cardiovascular Drugs in Norway: An Interrupted Time Series Study

Ukah,

Platt,

Nordeng

2024

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dispensing of Cardiovascular Drugs in Norway: An Interrupted Time Series Study

Ukah,

Platt,

Nordeng

2024

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Excess mortality across countries in the Western World since the COVID-19 pandemic: ‘Our World in Data’ estimates of January 2020 to December 2022

Mostert,

Hoogland,

Huibers

et al. 2024

bmjph

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IntroductionExcess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic has been substantial. Insight into excess death rates in years following WHO’s pandemic declaration is crucial for government leaders and policymakers to evaluate their health crisis policies. This study explores excess mortality in the Western World from 2020 until 2022.MethodsAll-cause mortality reports were abstracted for countries using the ‘Our World in Data’ database. Excess mortality is assessed as a deviation between the reported number of deaths in a country during a certain week or month in 2020 until 2022 and the expected number of deaths in a country for that period under normal conditions. For the baseline of expected deaths, Karlinsky and Kobak’s estimate model was used. This model uses historical death data in a country from 2015 until 2019 and accounts for seasonal variation and year-to-year trends in mortality.ResultsThe total number of excess deaths in 47 countries of the Western World was 3 098 456 from 1 January 2020 until 31 December 2022. Excess mortality was documented in 41 countries (87%) in 2020, 42 countries (89%) in 2021 and 43 countries (91%) in 2022. In 2020, the year of the COVID-19 pandemic onset and implementation of containment measures, records present 1 033 122 excess deaths (P-score 11.4%). In 2021, the year in which both containment measures and COVID-19 vaccines were used to address virus spread and infection, the highest number of excess deaths was reported: 1 256 942 excess deaths (P-score 13.8%). In 2022, when most containment measures were lifted and COVID-19 vaccines were continued, preliminary data present 808 392 excess deaths (P-score 8.8%).ConclusionsExcess mortality has remained high in the Western World for three consecutive years, despite the implementation of containment measures and COVID-19 vaccines. This raises serious concerns. Government leaders and policymakers need to thoroughly investigate underlying causes of persistent excess mortality.

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular disease prevention and corresponding geographical inequalities in England: interrupted time series analysis

Castanon,

Grasic,

Chen

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background There has been disruption to the detection and management of those with hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is likely to vary geographically and could have implications for future mortality and morbidity. We aimed to estimate the change in diagnosed prevalence, treatment and prescription indicators for AF and hypertension and assess corresponding geographical inequalities. Methods Using the Quality and Outcomes Framework (2016/17 to 2021/22) and the English Prescribing Datasets (2018 to 2022), we described age standardised prevalence, treatment and prescription item rates for hypertension and AF by geography and over time. Using an interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis, we estimated the impact of the pandemic (from April 2020) on missed diagnoses and on the percentage change in medicines prescribed for these conditions. Finally, we described changes in treatment indicators against Public Health England 2029 cardiovascular risk targets. Results We observed 143,822 fewer (-143,822, 95%CI:-226,144, -61,500, p = 0.001) diagnoses of hypertension, 60,330 fewer (-60,330, 95%CI: -83,216, -37,444, p = 0.001) diagnoses of AF and 1.79% fewer (-1.79%, 95%CI: -2.37%, -1.22%), p < 0.0001) prescriptions for these conditions over the COVID-19 impact period. There was substantial variation across geography in England in terms of the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis, prescription, and treatment rates of hypertension and AF. 20% of Sub Integrated Care Boards account for approximately 62% of all missed diagnoses of hypertension. The percentage of individuals who had their hypertension controlled fell from 75.8% in 2019/20 to 64.1% in 2021/22 and the percentage of individuals with AF who were risk assessed fell from 97.2% to 90.7%. Conclusions Hypertension and AF detection and management were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The disruption varied considerably across diseases and geography. This highlights the utility of administrative and geographically granular datasets to inform targeted efforts to mitigate the indirect impacts of the pandemic through applied secondary prevention measures.

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular heart disease medication use: time-series analysis of England’s prescription data during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2019 to October 2020)

Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dispensing of Cardiovascular Drugs in Norway: An Interrupted Time Series Study

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dispensing of Cardiovascular Drugs in Norway: An Interrupted Time Series Study

Excess mortality across countries in the Western World since the COVID-19 pandemic: ‘Our World in Data’ estimates of January 2020 to December 2022

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular disease prevention and corresponding geographical inequalities in England: interrupted time series analysis

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