Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiometabolic health parameters in children with preexisting dyslipidemia

Schefelker, Juliette; Zhang, Xiao; Dodge, Ann; Marten, Kristen; Dimailig, Greigory; Bartlett, Heather L.; Peterson, Amy L.

doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2022.06.006

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…In our study we found a significant increase in MAP at follow-up, and small, non-significant changes in HbA1c and TC to HDL ratio. Our observations are in line with one study that found significant changes in HbA1c and lipid levels among dyslipidemic children (38). Another study in children with type 1 diabetes found a generalized decline in cardiometabolic risk factors including lipid parameters (39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intervention effects and long-term changes in physical activity and cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk of noncommunicable diseases in South Africa: a cluster-randomized controlled trial and follow-up analysis

Arnaiz

Seelig

Gerber

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionRisk factors for noncommunicable diseases such as insufficient physical activity (PA), overweight or hypertension are becoming increasingly predominant among children globally. While school-based interventions are promising preventive strategies, evidence of their long-term effectiveness, especially among vulnerable populations, is scarce. We aim to assess the short-term effects of the physical and health KaziKidz intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors and the long-term, pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic changes thereof in high-risk children from marginalized communities.MethodsThe intervention was tested in a cluster-randomized controlled trial between January and October 2019 in eight primary schools near Gqeberha, South Africa. Children with overweight, elevated blood pressure, pre-diabetes, and/or borderline dyslipidemia were identified and re-assessed 2 years post-intervention. Study outcomes included accelerometry-measured PA (MVPA), body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), glucose (HbA1c), and lipid levels (TC to HDL ratio). We conducted mixed regression analyses to assess intervention effects by cardiometabolic risk profile, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to evaluate longitudinal changes in the high-risk subpopulation.ResultsWe found a significant intervention effect on MVPA during school hours for physically inactive children, and among active as well as inactive girls. In contrast, the intervention lowered HbA1c and TC to HDL ratio only in children with glucose or lipid values within the norm, respectively. At follow-up, the intervention effects were not maintained in at-risk children, who showed a decline in MVPA, and an increase in BMI-for-age, MAP, HbA1c and TC to HDL ratio.ConclusionWe conclude that schools are key settings in which to promote PA and improve health; however, structural changes are necessary to ensure that effective interventions reach marginalized school populations and achieve sustainable impact.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intervention effects and long-term changes in physical activity and cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk of noncommunicable diseases in South Africa: a cluster-randomized controlled trial and follow-up analysis

Arnaiz

Seelig

Gerber

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Relationship between thyroid function and lipid atherogenic profile in pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19

Calcaterra,

De Santis,

Braghieri

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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IntroductionConcurrent alterations in the metabolic profile and thyroid dysfunction, including non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) has been reported in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Considering the influence of thyroid hormones (TH) on lipid metabolism, we explored the relationship between thyroid function and the atherogenic lipid profile in children with MIS-C at admission and during a 12-month follow-up.Patients and methodswe considered children admitted for MIS-C. Total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin as well as free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), and TSH were assessed at diagnosis within 24 h of admission and during follow-up. TG/HDL ratio, no-HDL/HDL ratio and atherogenic index of plasma was also considered as atherogenic risk markers.Resultswe monitored 56 children. On admission, pathological levels of FT3, FT4, TSH, TG, TC, HDL, TG/HDL ratio, no-HDL/HDL ratio, and AIP were detected. Correlation analyses revealed associations between FT3, FT4, and lipid markers and TSH with TG. During monitoring, while complete restoration of TH balance was achieved at 12 months, some patients still exhibited an altered lipid profile, without correlation between thyroid function and lipid markers.Conclusionswe supported a relationship between thyroid function and an atherogenic lipid profile in children with MIS-C. This may result from interactions between adaptive and innate metabolic responses and genetic predisposition. Elucidating the relationship between TH and metabolic pathways during infections could help identify new biomarkers to prevent acute and fatal outcomes, improving patient prognosis and protecting long-term health.

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Associations between Changes in Body Weight Status and High Blood Pressure among Lithuanian Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Stankute,

Dulskiene,

Kuciene

2024

Nutrients

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(1) Background: High blood pressure (HBP), overweight, and obesity are common, growing public health problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between changes in body weight status and HBP among Lithuanian children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: In this study, we analysed data on blood pressure and anthropometric measurements of 2430 children and adolescents aged 8–18 years, who participated in both the baseline study conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic (from November 2019 to March 2020) and the follow-up study during the COVID-19 pandemic (from November 2021 to April 2022). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between changes in weight status categories and HBP. (3) Results: At baseline, 17.1% of the subjects had overweight, 5.9% had obesity, 5.6% had abdominal obesity, and 23.7% had HBP, whereas at the follow-up, these percentages increased to 20.1%, 8.2%, 6.8%, and 27.4%, respectively. Compared to schoolchildren who maintained normal weight from baseline to the follow-up period, subjects who newly developed overweight/obesity and those who remained with persistent overweight/obesity had increased odds of HBP, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.95 (p < 0.001) and 2.58 (p < 0.001), respectively. In subjects who transitioned from overweight/obesity to normal weight, the odds of HBP were slightly increased, with an aOR of 1.14 (p = 0.598), but the change was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: This study observed an increase in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and HBP among schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also suggested that changes from normal body weight status at baseline to overweight/obesity during follow-up, especially persistent overweight/obesity, were associated with higher odds of HBP in Lithuanian children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiometabolic health parameters in children with preexisting dyslipidemia

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Intervention effects and long-term changes in physical activity and cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk of noncommunicable diseases in South Africa: a cluster-randomized controlled trial and follow-up analysis

Intervention effects and long-term changes in physical activity and cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk of noncommunicable diseases in South Africa: a cluster-randomized controlled trial and follow-up analysis

Relationship between thyroid function and lipid atherogenic profile in pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19

Associations between Changes in Body Weight Status and High Blood Pressure among Lithuanian Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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