“…The data were gathered using a questionnaire; it consists of 12 questions regarding the research factors adopted from previous studies. For instance, AIS includes 4 adapted from Ayoub, Potdar, Rudra, and Luong (2020) and (Napitupulu, 2018), organizational culture include 4 items adapted from Gonzá lez-Rodrí guez, Martí n-Samper, Kö seoglu, and Okumus (2019) , Adeinat Iman and Abdulfatah Fatheia (2019), and Di Stefano, Scrima, and Parry (2019); and internal audit quality items adapted from Agyei-Mensah Ben (2019), Dao, Xu, and Liu (2019), and Beck, Gunn, and Hallman (2019). The respondents were asked to test their insight into the five-point Likert-scale research frameworks in which 5 symbolized 'strongly agree,' 4 symbolized 'agree,' 3 symbolized 'Neutral,' 2 symbolized 'Disagree,' and 1 symbolized 'Strongly disagree.'…”