Impact of the “Flavescence Dorée” Phytoplasma on Xylem Growth and Anatomical Characteristics in Trunks of ‘Chardonnay’ Grapevines (Vitis vinifera)

Rizzoli, Attilio; Jelmini, Luca; Pezzatti, Gianni Boris; Jermini, Mauro; Schumpp, Olivier; Debonneville, Christophe; Marcolin, Enrico; Krebs, Patrik; Conedera, Marco

doi:10.3390/biology11070978

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Flavescence dorée (FD) is a grapevine disease caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis' (FDp) (Belli et al, 2010;Bertaccini and Duduk, 2009), which results in severe damage to or even the death of grapevines (Vitis spp.) (Chuche and Thiéry, 2014;Oliveira et al, 2020;Rizzoli et al, 2022). In Portugal, FDp was first detected in the Portuguese DOC region of 'Vinhos Verdes' in 2006(deSousa et al, 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a detailed investigation of leaf midribs of FDp-infected grapevines has revealed anomalies at the ultrastructural level, with the accumulation of lipids in the chloroplasts of parenchyma cells (Oliveira et al, 2020), as well as a Ca 2+ influx into the sieve tubes, which can lead to callose deposition, protein plugging and eventually to the occlusion of the sieve plates (Musetti et al, 2013). Furthermore, FDp infection has also been reported to have indirect consequences on the phloematic and xylematic structures of vines (Jelmini et al, 2021;Rizzoli et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The grapevine metabolite profile of phloem sap is modified by flavescence dorée

et al. 2023

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Flavescence dorée (FD) has been recorded in French vineyards since the mid-1950s; it has rapidly become a major threat to vineyard survival in different European grape-growing areas. Infection by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’ causes leaf chlorosis and disturbs primary and secondary core metabolic pathways; it can also occlude sieve plates, therefore affecting normal solute transport through the phloem. Thus, in the present study we hypothesised that the metabolomic fingerprint of the phloem sap changes in FDp-infected vines. The metabolome of the phloem sap collected by centrifugation from the bark of the stem of healthy and infected vines (cv. ‘Loureiro’) was profiled by ESI-HRMS at two snapshot time points: E-L 33 (grape berry still hard and green) and E-L 38 (grape berry at maturity). An untargeted analysis of the phloem sap enabled the identification of 476 metabolites, whereas the targeted analysis focused on eight main classes, namely acids, sugar and polyols, amino acids, phenolic acids, hormones, vitamins and N compounds, as well as on several minor classes like fatty acids, phenols or diols. Depending on the developmental stage of the vine, major differences were observed in the composition of cv. ‘Loureiro’ phloem sap in response to FD infection in terms of sugar, organic acid and amino acid content; furthermore, compounds involved in plant defense, such as salicylic acid, ABA, vitamin C and gallic acid also significantly changed. Overall, these results have contributed towards increasing knowledge about the complex interactions between vine and FD phytoplasma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The grapevine metabolite profile of phloem sap is modified by flavescence dorée

et al. 2023

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Transcriptional profile of selected flavescence dorée phytoplasma genes during infection of insect vectors and host plants

et al. 2023

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Flavescence dorée is an economically important vector-borne disease of grapevine in Europe caused by phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrV ribosomal group. Expression profiles of 11 genes of the Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) were analysed over time following infection of natural (Vitis vinifera and the leafhopper vector Scaphoideus titanus) and experimental (Vicia faba and Euscelidius variegatus) hosts. Infected and symptomatic grapevine plants (Chardonnay) were sampled under natural field conditions in a productive vineyard in north-western Italy. Broad bean samples were assayed after the experimental inoculation with infectious E. variegatus. Adults of both vector species were analyzed following FDp acquisition from infected broad bean plants. The selected FDp genes were grouped according to their putative functions within different categories, namely ‘Membrane proteins’ (imp), ‘Regulative elements’ (spoVG, rpoD), ‘Protein metabolism, transport and secretion’ (tldD, ysdC, ftsY), ‘Stress response’ (comp83, osmC), ‘ABC transporters’ (CoABC) and ‘Unknown’ function (contig12, comp115). All analyzed genes were expressed in the four different host species suggesting their crucial role during the FDp infection cycle. Moreover, some of them (contig12, CoABC, comp83, and imp) might be considered essential for phytoplasma survival irrespective of the host, while comp115 seems to be required for insect infection. We showed that FDp is metabolically more active in insects than in plants, at least according to the pool of selected genes for this study, indicating that FDp behaves differently in the two hosts compared to other phytoplasma species/strains.

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Mechanisms of grapevine resilience to a vascular disease: investigating stem radial growth, xylem development and physiological acclimation

Dell’Acqua,

Gambetta,

Delzon

et al. 2023

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims Plant vascular diseases significantly impact crop yield worldwide. Esca is a grapevine vascular disease found globally in vineyards which causes a loss of hydraulic conductance due to the occlusion of xylem vessels by tyloses. However, the integrated response of plant radial growth and physiology in maintaining xylem integrity in grapevine expressing esca symptoms remains poorly understood. Methods We investigated the interplay between variation in stem diameter, xylem anatomy, plant physiological response, and hydraulic traits in two widespread esca susceptible cultivars, ‘Sauvignon blanc’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. We used an original experimental design using naturally infected mature vines which were uprooted and transplanted into pots allowing for their study in a mini-lysimeter greenhouse phenotyping platform. Key Results Esca significantly altered the timing and sequence of stem growth periods in both cultivars, particularly the shrinkage phase following radial expansion. Symptomatic plants had a significantly higher density of occluded vessels and lower leaf- and whole-plant gas exchange. Esca-symptomatic vines showed compensation mechanisms, producing numerous small functional xylem vessels later in development suggesting a maintenance of stem vascular cambium activity. Stabilization or late recovery of whole plant stomatal conductance coincided with new healthy shoots at the top of the plant after esca symptoms plateaued. Conclusions Modified cropping practices, like avoiding late season topping, may enhance resilience in esca-symptomatic plants. These results highlight that integrating dendrometers, xylem anatomy, and gas exchange provides insights into vascular pathogenesis and its effects on plant physiology.

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Impact of the “Flavescence Dorée” Phytoplasma on Xylem Growth and Anatomical Characteristics in Trunks of ‘Chardonnay’ Grapevines (Vitis vinifera)

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

The grapevine metabolite profile of phloem sap is modified by flavescence dorée

The grapevine metabolite profile of phloem sap is modified by flavescence dorée

Transcriptional profile of selected flavescence dorée phytoplasma genes during infection of insect vectors and host plants

Mechanisms of grapevine resilience to a vascular disease: investigating stem radial growth, xylem development and physiological acclimation

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