Impact of the gut microbiota on the immune system

Kogut, Michael H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818708-1.00017-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Due to modern hatchery and management practices the diversity of the microbiome at all mucosal surfaces, including the gut and respiratory tract, is reduced compared to backyard poultry with natural brooding, which may have consequences for the development of immunity in commercial birds (16,17). Currently, our understanding of the complicated interactions in the developing microbiota is rather limited (15). Due to the recent development of molecular tools for microbiota analysis and bioinformatics it is expected that rapid progress will be made in the next couple of years, leading to a better understanding of the importance of the microbiome for the development of the immune system.…”

Section: The Importance Of the Microbiome For Maintaining Homeostasis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Rautenschlein,

Schat

2023

Avian Diseases

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Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B-and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.RESUMEN. Estudio recapitulativo-Bases inmunológicas de la vacunación. La vacunación es crucial para la protección de la salud de las aves comerciales y por lo tanto, importante para mantener altos estándares de producción. Una vacunación adecuada requiere el conocimiento de los factores clave del sistema inmunológico bien orquestado de las aves, su interdependencia y su delicada regulación y posteriormente, los posibles modos de estimulación a través de antı genos y adyuvantes de las vacunas. El conocimiento sobre los sistemas inmunológicos innato y adquirido de las aves ha aumentado significativamente durante los últimos años, pero quedan preguntas abiertas que deben dilucidarse con profundidad. A pesar de las similitudes entre las especies de aves y mamı feros en la composición de células inmunes y modos de activación, existen diferencias importantes, incluidas las diferencias en la inmunidad innata, pero también en la inmunidad humoral y en la mediada por células, con respecto a las vı as de transducción de señales, la presentación de antı genos. y repertorios celulares. Para una estrategia de vacunación exitosa en las aves, siempre se debe considerar que el genotipo y la edad de las aves en el momento de la inmunización, ası como la composición de su microbiota pueden tener un impacto y pueden impulsar las reacciones inmunes en diferentes direcciones. Los logros recientes en la comprensión del concepto de inmunidad entrenada contribuirán al avance...

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Section: The Importance Of the Microbiome For Maintaining Homeostasis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Rautenschlein,

Schat

2023

Avian Diseases

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“…In avian species, the chick gastrointestinal tract is initially colonised by various transient species, with bacterial communities gradually transitioning into a more stable adult state [37]. Avian embryos develop within a closed and essentially sterile environment (the egg); gut microbial colonisation commences shortly after birth and is influenced by interactions among early-life environment, parental microbial transfer, and diet [26,42,54]. This early establishment phase, aptly captured by the "nidobiome" concept, encompasses the collective impacts of parents, the nest, and nestlings on the initial microbiome assembly [24,26,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept considers their interactions over time, as well as the inherent feedback mechanisms between hosts, their microbiome, and the surrounding environment [24]. Disruptions of these early-life microbiome assembly processes can adversely affect the host [55,99] by influencing immune system development [41,54], and diminishing resistance to parasitic infections [7,78]. Understanding the factors influencing avian gut microbial composition in early life is therefore of great importance due to the potential long-term impacts of the gut microbiota on host development and body condition [55,77].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life factors shaping the gut microbiota of Common buzzard nestlings

Pereira,

Chakarov,

Hoffman

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Exploring the dynamics of gut microbiome colonisation dur-ing early-life stages is important for understanding the potential impact of microbes on host development and fitness. Evidence from model organisms suggests a crucial early-life phase when shifts in gut microbiota can lead to immune dysregulation and reduced host condition. However, our understanding of gut microbiota colonisation in long-lived vertebrates, especially during early development, remains limited. We therefore used a wild population of common buzzard nestlings (Buteo buteo) to investigate connections between the early-life gut microbiota colonisation, environmental and host factors. Results: We targeted both bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota using the 16S and 28S rRNA genes. We sampled the individuals during early developmental stages in a longitudinal design. Our data revealed that age significantly affected microbial diversity and composition. Nest environment was a notable predictor of microbiota composition, with particularly eukaryotic communities differing between habitats occupied by the hosts. Nestling condition explained microbial community composition, while infection with the blood parasite Leucocytozoon was correlated with microbial beta diversity. Conclusion: Our findings emphasise the importance of studying microbiome dynamics to capture changes occurring during ontogeny. They highlight the role of microbial communities in reflecting host health and the importance of the nest environment for the developing nestling microbiome. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the complex interplay between microbial communities,h ost factors, and environmental variables, and sheds light on the mechanisms governing gut microbial colonisation during early-life stages.

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Role of diet-microbiota interactions in precision nutrition of the chicken: facts, gaps, and new concepts

Kogut

2022

Poultry Science

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In the intestine, host-derived factors are genetically hardwired and difficult to modulate. However, the intestinal microbiome is more plastic and can be readily modulated by dietary factors. Further, it is becoming more apparent that the microbiome can potentially impact poultry physiology by participating in digestion, the absorption of nutrients, shaping of the mucosal immune response, energy homeostasis, and the synthesis or modulation of several potential bioactive metabolites. These activities are dependent on the quantity and quality of the microbiota alongside its metabolic potential, which are dictated in large part by diet. Thus, diet-induced microbiota alterations may be harnessed to induce changes in host physiology, including disease development and progression. In this regard, the gut microbiome is malleable and renders the gut microbiome a candidate ‘organ’ for the possibility of precision nutrition to induce precision microbiomics—the use of the gut microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to specific dietary constituents to generate precision diets and interventions for optimal poultry performance and health. However, it is vital to identify the causal relationships and mechanisms by which dietary components and additives affect the gut microbiome which then ultimately influence avian physiology. Further, an improved understanding of the spatial and functional relationships between the different sections of the avian gut and their regional microbiota will provide a better understanding of the role of the diet in regulating the intestinal microbiome.

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Impact of the gut microbiota on the immune system

Cited by 4 publications

References 169 publications

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Early-life factors shaping the gut microbiota of Common buzzard nestlings

Role of diet-microbiota interactions in precision nutrition of the chicken: facts, gaps, and new concepts

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