Impact of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination program on HIB meningitis in Brazil

Miranzi, Sybelle de Souza Castro; Moraes, Suzana Alves de; Freitas, Isabel Cristina Martins de

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007000700021

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In turn, the incidence of cases caused by S. pneumoniae remained stable over the study period. With regards to meningitis caused by H. infl uenzae type b, the number of cases decreased in State of Amazonas as well as on a national scale, owing to the introduction of the anti-Hib vaccine in 1999-2000 (22) (23) (24) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

Saraiva

Santos

Saraceni

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

Saraiva

Santos

Saraceni

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…The introduction of Hib vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of invasive disease caused by H. influenzae in several high-income and developing countries [22]–[24]. In Brazil, a surveillance study carried out in Salvador, Bahia, demonstrated a considerable reduction in the incidence of Hib meningitis mainly in children below one year of age (from 60.9 to 3.1 cases per 100,000 population) [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Meningitis in Brazil: Baseline Epidemiologic Assessment of the Decade Prior to the Introduction of Pneumococcal and Meningococcal Vaccines

2013

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BackgroundBacterial meningitis is associated with significant burden in Brazil. In 2010, both 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and meningococcal capsular group C conjugate vaccine were introduced into the routine vaccination schedule. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine was previously introduced in 1999. This study presents trends in demographics, microbiological characteristics and seasonality patterns of bacterial meningitis cases in Brazil from 2000 to 2010.Methods and FindingsAll meningitis cases confirmed by clinical and/or laboratory criteria notified to the national information system for notifiable diseases between 2000 and 2010 were analyzed. Proportions of bacterial meningitis cases by demographic characteristics, criteria used for confirmation and etiology were calculated. We estimated disease rates per 100,000 population and trends for the study period, with emphasis on H. influenzae, N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae cases. In the decade, 341,805 cases of meningitis were notified in Brazil. Of the 251,853 cases with defined etiology, 110,264 (43.8%) were due to bacterial meningitis (excluding tuberculosis). Of these, 34,997 (31.7%) were due to meningococcal disease. The incidence of bacterial meningitis significantly decreased from 3.1/100,000 population in 2000–2002 to 2.14/100,000 in 2009–2010 (p<0.01). Among cases of meningococcal disease, the proportion of those associated with group C increased from 41% in 2007 to 61.7% in 2010, while the proportion of group B disease progressively declined. Throughout the study period, an increased number of cases occurred during winter.ConclusionsDespite the reduction in bacterial meningitis incidence during the last decade, it remains a significant healthcare issue in Brazil. Meningococcal disease is responsible for the majority of the cases with group C the most common capsular type. Our study demonstrates the appropriateness of introduction of meningococcal vaccination in Brazil. Furthermore, this study provides a baseline for future evaluation of the impact of the vaccines introduction in Brazil and changes in disease epidemiology.

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“…48 As in many places with high vaccine coverage, the incidence of and mortality from meningitis caused by H infl uenzae type b in children younger than 5 years sub stantially decreased after the introduction of the Hib vaccine to the routine schedule in 1999. 49,50 Although, in general, vaccine coverage in Brazil is very high, it is not uniform across socioeconomic levels, with lowest coverage in the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups (fi gure 2).…”

Section: Successful Control Vaccine-preventable Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successes and failures in the control of infectious diseases in Brazil: social and environmental context, policies, interventions, and research needs

et al. 2011

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Despite pronounced reductions in the number of deaths due to infectious diseases over the past six decades, infectious diseases are still a public health problem in Brazil. In this report, we discuss the major successes and failures in the control of infectious diseases in Brazil, and identify research needs and policies to further improve control or interrupt transmission. Control of diseases such as cholera, Chagas disease, and those preventable by vaccination has been successful through efficient public policies and concerted efforts from different levels of government and civil society. For these diseases, policies dealt with key determinants (eg, the quality of water and basic sanitation, vector control), provided access to preventive resources (such as vaccines), and successfully integrated health policies with broader social policies. Diseases for which control has failed (such as dengue fever and visceral leishmaniasis) are vector-borne diseases with changing epidemiological profiles and major difficulties in treatment (in the case of dengue fever, no treatment is available). Diseases for which control has been partly successful have complex transmission patterns related to adverse environmental, social, economic, or unknown determinants; are sometimes transmitted by insect vectors that are difficult to control; and are mostly chronic diseases with long infectious periods that require lengthy periods of treatment.

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Impact of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination program on HIB meningitis in Brazil

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

Epidemiology of infectious meningitis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil

Bacterial Meningitis in Brazil: Baseline Epidemiologic Assessment of the Decade Prior to the Introduction of Pneumococcal and Meningococcal Vaccines

Successes and failures in the control of infectious diseases in Brazil: social and environmental context, policies, interventions, and research needs

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