Impact of the Indian Ocean SST basin mode on the Asian summer monsoon

Liu, Q.; Yang, Jin-Ling; Xie, Shang‐Ping; Liu, Z.; Wu, Lixin

doi:10.1029/2006gl028571

Cited by 713 publications

(609 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similar SST anomalies appear over these regions for the negative phase of the PJ-mode (Fig. 9b), consistent with previous studies (e.g., Yang et al 2007;Xie et al 2009Xie et al , 2016 and with the significant negative correlation between the interannual frequency of the occurrence of MJO phase 6 and PC1 noted earlier. However, the tropical intraseasonal oscillation may also exert an influence on the tropical SST (e.g., Duncan and Han 2009;Vialard et al 2011), making it unclear what is cause and effect here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Some studies have reported that changes in the frequency of occurrence of the MJO phase are associated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the tropical WNP and Indian Ocean (Slingo et al 1999;Fu et al 2003;Arnold et al 2013), and the important role of the SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean on the PJ pattern has been identified by previous studies (Yang et al 2007;Li et al 2008;Xie et al 2009;Sun et al 2010-see their Fig. 13;Tao et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, enhanced/reduced heating over the tropical eastern Indian Ocean favors the positive/negative phase of the PJ-mode. On the other hand, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts an influence on the subtropical WNP anticyclonic (during decaying El Nino) or cyclonic (during decaying La Nina) anomaly through its effect on convection anomalies over the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans (e.g., Wang et al 2000Wang et al , 2003Yang et al 2007;Xie et al 2009Xie et al , 2016. While the connection between the PJ-mode and ENSO is only significant during the period after 1979 (Sun et al 2010;Xie et al 2010;see;Ding et al 2014Ding et al , 2015, for a detailed discussion), even during this period, ENSO only explains 10-20% of the variance of the interannual variability of the PJ-mode, with the highest correlation coefficient around 0.40 (see Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the MJO on the interannual variation of the Pacific–Japan mode of the East Asian summer monsoon

Gollan

Greatbatch

et al. 2018

Clim Dyn

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The spatial pattern of the first mode of interannual variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), obtained from a multivariate Empirical Orthogonal Functions (MV-EOF) analysis, corresponds to the Pacific-Japan (PJ) pattern and is referred to as the PJ-mode. The present study investigates the interannual variation of the PJ-mode from the perspective of the intraseasonal timescale. In particular, the impact of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) on the interannual variation of the PJ-mode is investigated. The results show that the MJO has a significant influence on the interannual variation of the PJ-mode mainly in the lower troposphere (850 hPa) and that the former accounts for approximately 11% of the amplitude of the latter. The major part of the contribution comes from a change in frequency of the different phases of the MJO, especially that of MJO phase 6. This suggests that intraseasonal variation of the convection anomalies over the tropical eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans plays an important role in the interannual variation of the PJ-mode. In addition, MJO phase 7 also contributes to the interannual variability of the PJ-mode, in this case induced by both the change in frequency and the change in circulation anomalies associated with MJO phase 7.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the MJO on the interannual variation of the Pacific–Japan mode of the East Asian summer monsoon

Gollan

Greatbatch

et al. 2018

Clim Dyn

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“…Furthermore, the convection over the western North Pacific (WNP) can affect the MDE through meridional teleconnection (Lau et al, 2000;Lu, 2004). However, the variation of convection over the WNP is mainly attributed to the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST; Yang et al, 2007;Xie et al, 2009;Chowdary et al, 2010;Chowdary et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of tropical Indian Ocean SST on the meridional displacement of East Asian jet in boreal summer

Qü

Huang

2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:The meridional displacement of East Asia jet (EAJ) is characterized by the leading mode of upper tropospheric zonal wind variability over East Asia in boreal summer, and is closely related to the East Asia summer monsoon and downstream climate. Present study reveals that the meridional displacement of EAJ is associated with tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) SST anomalies. When the TIO SST is higher than normal, the overlying tropospheric air warms up through the modulation of the TIO SST on tropical convection. The anomalous convection forces a Kelvin wave wedge penetrating into the equatorial western Pacific, leading to a decrease in precipitation near the Philippines. Combined with the climatological easterly shear over the subtropical western North Pacific, the Pacific-Japan/East AsiaPacific (PJ/EAP) teleconnection is induced along the East Asia coast. The PJ/EAP-related upper-level anomalous cyclone accelerates westerly in the south flank of EAJ and decelerates westerly in the north flank. Thus, EAJ shifts southward. In contrast, the EAJ shifts northward when the TIO SST is lower than normal.

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“…These abrupt changes have been linked to climatic events in the North Atlantic for the last glacial period (14, 15) as well as for the Holocene (16,17). Though a physical mechanism for this teleconnection has been suggested (18), relevant climatic signals of the North Atlantic events in Asia (such as temperature and moisture anomalies) are very small (19) indicating that internal feedbacks in monsoon dynamics may have amplified the weak external forcing.Both spatial patterns and temporal evolution of monsoon rainfall are influenced by a number of physical processes (7,18,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) as well as characteristics of vegetation (29-31) and topography (32). Though these details are crucial for the specific behavior of different monsoon systems and their significance will vary from region to region, there exist defining processes fundamental to any monsoon dynamics (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic mechanism for abrupt monsoon transitions

Levermann

Schewe

Petoukhov

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

124

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Monsoon systems influence the livelihood of hundreds of millions of people. During the Holocene and last glacial period, rainfall in India and China has undergone strong and abrupt changes. Though details of monsoon circulations are complicated, observations reveal a defining moisture-advection feedback that dominates the seasonal heat balance and might act as an internal amplifier, leading to abrupt changes in response to relatively weak external perturbations. Here we present a minimal conceptual model capturing this positive feedback. The basic equations, motivated by observed relations, yield a threshold behavior, robust with respect to addition of other physical processes. Below this threshold in net radiative influx, R c , no conventional monsoon can develop; above R c , two stable regimes exist. We identify a nondimensional parameter l that defines the threshold and makes monsoon systems comparable with respect to the character of their abrupt transition. This dynamic similitude may be helpful in understanding past and future variations in monsoon circulation. Within the restrictions of the model, we compute R c for current monsoon systems in India, China, the Bay of Bengal, West Africa, North America, and Australia, where moisture advection is the main driver of the circulation.Earth system | tipping element | abrupt climate change | atmospheric circulation | nonlinear dynamics M onsoon rainfall shapes regional culture and the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people (e.g., 1, 2). The future evolution of monsoon rainfall under increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 and aerosol pollution is highly uncertain (3). Although greenhouse gas abundance tends to increase monsoon rainfall strength (4-6), the situation is more complex with changing aerosol distribution (7,8). Given this large uncertainty in the future forcing of monsoons, it is crucial to understand internal monsoon dynamics, especially with respect to self-amplifying feedbacks, which might result in potentially strong responses to small perturbations. Zickfeld et al. (2005) found two stable states in a simple model of the Indian summer monsoon, which in principle allows for rapid transition between radically different monsoon circulations (9, 10) and thereby identified the Indian monsoon as a potential tipping element of the climate system (11). Evidence for such behavior is found in paleodata that show rapid and strong variations in Indian and East Asian monsoon rainfall (12, 13). These abrupt changes have been linked to climatic events in the North Atlantic for the last glacial period (14, 15) as well as for the Holocene (16,17). Though a physical mechanism for this teleconnection has been suggested (18), relevant climatic signals of the North Atlantic events in Asia (such as temperature and moisture anomalies) are very small (19) indicating that internal feedbacks in monsoon dynamics may have amplified the weak external forcing.Both spatial patterns and temporal evolution of monsoon rainfall are influenced by a number of physical processes ...

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Impact of the Indian Ocean SST basin mode on the Asian summer monsoon

Cited by 713 publications

References 23 publications

Impact of the MJO on the interannual variation of the Pacific–Japan mode of the East Asian summer monsoon

Impact of the MJO on the interannual variation of the Pacific–Japan mode of the East Asian summer monsoon

Impacts of tropical Indian Ocean SST on the meridional displacement of East Asian jet in boreal summer

Basic mechanism for abrupt monsoon transitions

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