Impact of the Intake of Snacks and Lifestyle Behaviors on Obesity among University Students Living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Aljefree, Najlaa M.; Shatwan, Israa M.; Almoraie, Noha M.

doi:10.3390/healthcare10020400

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Moreover, final year students when compared to other students, consumed snacks once a day. These findings are in line with the study conducted by Aljefree et al where less than half of the surveyed dental students had snacks once daily, hence this reduced the incidence of gaining weight [48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Relationship of BMI with the diet, physical activity and oral hygiene practices amongst the dental students

et al. 2022

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Background Regardless of attaining adequate knowledge regarding oral hygiene, physical activity, and healthy eating habits, dental students still face oral health problems. This study was aimed to assess the association of oral hygiene habits, physical activity, and eating habits with the BMI in the dental students. Method This multi centric cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021 in Pakistan. Three hundred and eighty-six study participants enrolled as undergraduate dental students, both males and females, were included in the study. A questionnaire used to gather data, was modified from a study conducted by Jouhar et al. Chi-square testing was used in order to assess the relationship between two categorical variables. Linear regression was performed to assess the association with putative confounders. Statistical significance was considered for p value < 0.05. Results Regarding brushing teeth, 57% of the underweight individuals brushed once daily, 69.8% of the healthy, 79.2% of overweight, and 48% of obese participants brushed twice. Horizontal brushing technique was performed by 50% of the underweight participants, followed by scrub technique. A soft bristled brush was frequently used by underweight (42.9%) and healthy (66%) individuals, while a medium textured bristle brush was used by overweight (62.3%) and obese (54.2%) participants. Majority of the underweight (64.3%), overweight (48.1%), and 45.8% of obese individuals had meals thrice a day, while healthy (62.3%) individuals had meals twice a day. Conclusion This study further intensified the contributing role of having an excessive dietary intake and sugar consumption in causing obesity and dental caries. Findings from the current study, identify a statistically significant relationship that exists between BMI levels with oral hygiene, eating habits and the physical activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Relationship of BMI with the diet, physical activity and oral hygiene practices amongst the dental students

et al. 2022

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“…We collected each student’s general information, such as sex, age, academic year, monthly household income (< 5000, 5000–15,000, > 15,000 SR), and physical activity (inactive or active). The questionnaires have been described in detail elsewhere [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snacking pattern of college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Shatwan

Aljefree²,

Almoraie³

2022

BMC Nutr

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Background Although unhealthy snack foods are commonly consumed by college students, snacking patterns among college students have not been comprehensively examined in Saudi Arabia. In our study, we aimed to investigate snacking patterns among Saudi college students and to assess sociodemographic data that affect adherence to these snacking patterns. Methods Between January 2021 and March 2021 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, an online survey was conducted with 662 college students from a Saudi university. The survey included sociodemographic questions and a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) regarding the consumption of common snack foods. Snacking patterns were generated from the FFQ using the factor analysis method. Results Factor analyses generated seven snacking patterns, which explained 64.5% of the variance in snacking. Students in their early academic years (1–3 years) had a higher score for the convenience snack and fast-food pattern (0.22 ± 0.48 and 0.31 ± 0.52, respectively) than senior students (4–6 years) (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Healthy snacks patterns were higher among students at higher income levels (P = 0.006) and active students (P < 0.001) than among students at low- or mid-income levels and inactive students. Higher adherence to the beverages pattern was observed among male students (P = 0.03), active students (P = 0.01), and students with obesity than their counterparts (P = 0.02). The dairy products pattern was higher among male students (P = 0.04), students at higher income levels (P = 0.04), and students with obesity (P = 0.03) than their counterparts. Conclusions Most snacking patterns identified among the study participants were considered unhealthy. Adherence to healthy snacks is influenced by physical activity and family income. These findings may be helpful in the future for developing adequate nutrition education programs that promote health by adhering to healthy snack choices in this critical age group. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate snacking patterns among other age groups in Saudi Arabia.

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“…These findings are supported by the fact that a higher intake of fruits and vegetables lowers the risk of developing obesity ( 75 ). Increasing fruit and vegetable intake may also contribute to weight management because fruits and vegetables are low in energy but high in fibre and water, thereby producing a satiating effect ( 76 ). The satiating properties of fruits and vegetables lead to a reduction in energy-dense, nutrient-poor food consumption, thereby reducing overall caloric intake ( 76 , 77 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing fruit and vegetable intake may also contribute to weight management because fruits and vegetables are low in energy but high in fibre and water, thereby producing a satiating effect ( 76 ). The satiating properties of fruits and vegetables lead to a reduction in energy-dense, nutrient-poor food consumption, thereby reducing overall caloric intake ( 76 , 77 ). The intake of snacks, depending on the quantity and frequency of consumption, is unlikely to increase body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity among public school teachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the dietary intake of certain food groups in a representative sample of public-school teachers living in Jeddah city. We also, examined the association of dietary intake with physical activity and obesity among schoolteachers.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional online survey, conducted among 640 (177 male, 463 female) schoolteachers aged between 20 and 62 years old and working in public primary, intermediate, and high schools in Jeddah. Measurements included gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), health problems, and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity levels, smoking status, and dietary intake.ResultsBased on gender, number of non-smoking women (94%) was higher than number of non-smoking men (57.1%) (P < 0.001). However, men were more active than women (P = 0.03). Regarding BMI, there were more overweight men than women, while obese women numbered more than men (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in dietary intake between men and women except that men consumed more soft drinks than women (P = 0.002). Lower physically active schoolteachers were less likely to consume salad (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9; P = 0.02), vegetables (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3–0.9; P = 0.01), beans and legumes (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.7; P = 0.005), wholegrain bread (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9; P = 0.03), dairy products (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9; P = 0.01), snacks (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–0.8; P = 0.01), and fish (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9; P = 0.04) compared to those with high levels of physical activity. Only fruit intake was considered statistically significant (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.7; P = 0.003). The study found a relationship between the BMI of schoolteachers and food intake. Obese schoolteachers had lower consumption of fruits (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.7; P = 0.007) and white meat (OR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3–0.9; P = 0.03) than schoolteachers in the normal weight group.ConclusionThe high prevalence of physical activity, dietary intake and body weight among Saudi teachers is a major public health concern. The present study identified several lifestyle factors associated with body weight that may represent valid targets for the prevention and management of obesity among Saudi school teachers. Promoting active lifestyles and healthy diets would be primary targets for obesity prevention.

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Impact of the Intake of Snacks and Lifestyle Behaviors on Obesity among University Students Living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Relationship of BMI with the diet, physical activity and oral hygiene practices amongst the dental students

Relationship of BMI with the diet, physical activity and oral hygiene practices amongst the dental students

Snacking pattern of college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity among public school teachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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