Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiome of a Well-Defined Cohort of Healthy Individuals

Vázquez-Cuesta, Silvia; Lozano García, Nuria; Rodríguez-Fernández, Sara; Fernández-Avila, Ana I.; Bermejo, Javier; Fernández-Avilés, Francisco; Muñoz, Patricia; Bouza, Emilio; Reigadas, Elena

doi:10.3390/nu16060793

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

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“…Vázquez-Cuesta et al [119] The study included 60 patients (51.7% females). Classification of subjects into two groups according to the categories of good (1-4) and medium (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summatory Effects of Anaerobic Exercise and a ‘Westernized Athletic Diet’ on Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis

Álvarez-Herms

2024

Microorganisms

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Anaerobic exercise decreases systemic pH and increases metabolic acidosis in athletes, altering the acid-base homeostasis. In addition, nutritional recommendations advising athletes to intake higher amounts of proteins and simple carbohydrates (including from sport functional supplements) could be detrimental to restoring acid-base balance. Here, this specific nutrition could be classified as an acidic diet and defined as ‘Westernized athletic nutrition’. The maintenance of a chronic physiological state of low-grade metabolic acidosis produces detrimental effects on systemic health, physical performance, and inflammation. Therefore, nutrition must be capable of compensating for systemic acidosis from anaerobic exercise. The healthy gut microbiota can contribute to improving health and physical performance in athletes and, specifically, decrease the systemic acidic load through the conversion of lactate from systemic circulation to short-chain fatty acids in the proximal colon. On the contrary, microbial dysbiosis results in negative consequences for host health and physical performance because it results in a greater accumulation of systemic lactate, hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, bacterial endotoxins, bioamines, and immunogenic compounds that are transported through the epithelia into the blood circulation. In conclusion, the systemic metabolic acidosis resulting from anaerobic exercise can be aggravated through an acidic diet, promoting chronic, low-grade metabolic acidosis in athletes. The individuality of athletic training and nutrition must take into consideration the acid-base homeostasis to modulate microbiota and adaptive physiological responses.

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Section: Yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summatory Effects of Anaerobic Exercise and a ‘Westernized Athletic Diet’ on Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis

Álvarez-Herms

2024

Microorganisms

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The gut microbiota as a link between Alzheimer’s disease and obesity

Alvarez,

Davila-Del-Carpio

2024

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease that causes a progressive decline in memory and thinking skills. Over the past few years, diverse studies have shown that there is no single cause of AD; instead, it has been reported that factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environment contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, it has been shown that obesity during middle age is one of the most prominent modifiable risk factors for AD. Of the multiple potential mechanisms linking obesity and AD, the gut microbiota (GM) has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, the underlying mechanisms that connect the GM with the process of neurodegeneration remain unclear. Through this narrative review, we present a comprehensive understanding of how alterations in the GM of people with obesity may result in systemic inflammation and affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of AD. We conclude with an analysis of the relationship between the GM and insulin resistance, a risk factor for AD that is highly prevalent in people with obesity. Understanding the crosstalk between obesity, the GM, and the pathogenesis of AD will help to design new strategies aimed at preventing neurodegeneration.

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Association between dried fruit intake and kidney function: research from univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomized studies

Gao,

Yue,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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ObjectivesObservational studies have identified an association between dried fruit intake and kidney function. However, these studies have limitations such as vulnerability to confounders and reverse causality bias. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between dried fruit intake and kidney function.MethodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using a large-scale genome-wide association study dataset to investigate the causal relationship between dried fruit intake and kidney function markers (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), uric acid (UA), cystatin C (CyC), hematuria, microalbuminuria). The main analytical method was inverse variance weighting. In addition, we applied the MR Egger and weighted median to assess the robustness of the results. Finally, Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was used to estimate the direct effect of dried fruit intake on kidney function markers.ResultsThe univariate MR analysis showed that increased dried fruit intake was associated with lower kidney function markers, including BUN (β: −0.171, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.239 to −0.102, p = 1.063 × 10−6), CR (β: −0.205, 95% CI: −0.311 to −0.099, p = 1.455 × 10−4), UA (β = −0.317, 95% CI: −0.384 to −0.249, p = 4.439 × 10−20), and CysC (β = −0.323, 95% CI: −0.384 to −0.249, p = 1.074 × 10−11); however, it was unrelated to hematuria and microalbuminuria. Causality persisted after performing MVMR analysis; however, with the addition of alcohol consumption and smoking as exposure factors, the causality for UA (β = −0.296, 95% CI: −0.523 to −0.068, p = 1.094 × 10−2) and CysC (β = −0.238, 95% CI: −0.465 to −0.011, p = 4.024× 10−2) weakened, while the causality for BUN (β = −0.038, 95% CI: −0.215 to 0.138, p = 6.698 × 10−1) and CR (β = −0.038, 95% CI: −0.431 to 0.046, p = 1.347 × 10−1) disappeared.ConclusionIncreased dried fruit intake was associated with lower kidney function markers (BUN, CR, UA, and CysC) in the absence of smoking and alcohol consumption; however, the causal relationship between dried fruit intake and BUN and CR disappeared in the presence of smoking and alcohol consumption. These results provide a promising avenue for delaying the course of chronic kidney disease.

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Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiome of a Well-Defined Cohort of Healthy Individuals

Cited by 4 publications

References 89 publications

Summatory Effects of Anaerobic Exercise and a ‘Westernized Athletic Diet’ on Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis

Summatory Effects of Anaerobic Exercise and a ‘Westernized Athletic Diet’ on Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis

The gut microbiota as a link between Alzheimer’s disease and obesity

Association between dried fruit intake and kidney function: research from univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomized studies

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