Impact of the Meissner effect on magnetic microtraps for neutral atoms near superconducting thin films

Cano, Daniel; Kasch, Brian; Hattermann, Helge; Koelle, D.; Kleiner, R.; Zimmermann, C.; Fortágh, József

doi:10.1103/physreva.77.063408

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example it is well known that a superconducting material has the ability to generate permanent currents in order to screen an applied magnetic field (Meissner effect). Evidence of this phenomenon has been recently observed with the ENS setup: permanent currents in the superconducting film strongly distort the trapping potential seen by the atoms as in [13]. In the experiment of [13] atoms are trapped close to a relatively large cylindrical su-perconducting wire which is well described by the Meissner state.…”

Section: Probing the Superconducting Film Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Cryogenic Atom Chips

et al. 2011

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It is quite remarkable to observe that in 1995, when Weinstein and Libbrecht wrote their seminal article on microscopic atomic traps [1], the very same research group published experimental results on long-lived neutral atom traps in a cryogenic environment [2]. They reported trapping lifetimes of nearly 10 minutes for magnetostatic traps created by centimeter-size superconducting coils. Moreover they claimed that "with a cryogenic system one can use superconducting magnets and SQUID detectors to trap and non-destructively sense spin-polarized atoms". This sentence foresees some of the possibilities of cryogenic atom chips using superconducting materials. Low temperatures and superconductivity do not only offer ultrahigh vacuum conditions and high currents without dissipation. They also open the way to a new class of experiments where ultra-cold atoms will be integrated on a chip together with solid-state devices whose coherent manipulation is only possible at low temperatures. A good example of such a device is a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) coupled to the magnetic moment of the trapped atomic cloud [3]. Other interesting candidates like coplanar waveguide resonators or the nano-electro-mechanical system (NEMS) are also worth mentioning.It took some time after the initial proposal of [1] to develop and operate the first atom chips (see Chapter 1) at room temperature and an even longer time to operate them in cryogenic conditions. The first results on superconducting atom chips were reported at ENS Paris in 2006 [4] and at NTT Basic research labs in 2007 [5]. Many groups in the world are now building experiments along this line of research and exciting developments are expected. The first part of this chapter (Section 10.2) will present a review of the existing experiments on cryogenic chips. We will try to show by which aspects they may be similar to or differ from equivalent roomtemperature setups. In Section 10.3 we will give a few examples of new experiments that could be carried out with cryogenic chips. Atom Chips. Edited by Jakob Reichel and Vladan Vuletić

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Section: Probing the Superconducting Film Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In the case of an atom chip, those currents are likely to affect the trapping potential [13] and reduce its depth when the atoms are brought very close to the surface. The properties of such a surface are dramatically different from those of a normal metal.…”

Section: Probing the Superconducting Film Current Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Atom Chips

et al. 2011

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“…Nonetheless, this limitation of the actual microtrap configuration, which is caused by the exclusion of the magnetic flux from the niobium wire, can be overcome by using superconducting thin films [16] or superconducting microstructures with antidots [17]. These allow the penetration of magnetic flux and promise to support strong magnetic confinement for atom clouds with exceptional spin coherence times even at micron distances from the superconducting surface.…”

Section: Exceptionally Long Atomic Spin Coherence Near Superconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold atoms near superconductors: atomic spin coherence beyond the Johnson noise limit

et al. 2010

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Abstract. We report on the measurement of atomic spin coherence near the surface of a superconducting niobium wire. As compared to normal conducting metal surfaces, the atomic spin coherence is maintained for time periods beyond the Johnson noise limit. The result provides experimental evidence that magnetic near-field noise near the superconductor is strongly suppressed. Such long atomic spin coherence times near superconductors open the way towards the development of coherently coupled cold atom/solid state hybrid quantum systems with potential applications in quantum information processing and precision force sensing.

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“…Magnetic traps on superconductors in the Meissner state have been realized in several experiments (see, e.g., [ 7,[14][15][16]). In [ 9,[17][18][19] the magnetic field for such traps was estimated using the sheet current density in an infinite strip in the Meissner state. For thin films of an arbitrary shape, the distribution of the Meissner current can be found numerically, solving the London equations by a finite element method [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D modeling of magnetic atom traps on type-II superconductor chips

Prigozhin

Barrett

2014

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Magnetic traps for cold atoms have become a powerful tool of cold atom physics and condense matter research. The traps on superconducting chips allow one to increase the trapped atom life-and coherence time by decreasing the thermal noise by several orders of magnitude compared to that of the typical normal-metal conductors. A thin superconducting film in the mixed state is, usually, the main element of such a chip.Using a finite element method to analyze thin film magnetization and transport current in type-II superconductivity, we study magnetic traps recently employed in experiments. The proposed approach allows us to predict important characteristics of the magnetic traps (their depth, shape, distance from the chip surface, etc.) necessary when designing magnetic traps in cold atom experiments.

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Impact of the Meissner effect on magnetic microtraps for neutral atoms near superconducting thin films

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Cryogenic Atom Chips

Cryogenic Atom Chips

Cold atoms near superconductors: atomic spin coherence beyond the Johnson noise limit

3D modeling of magnetic atom traps on type-II superconductor chips

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