2002
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-002-0465-8
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Impact of the Mg 2+ -citrate transporter CitM on heavy metal toxicity in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract: Bacillus subtilis possesses a secondary transporter, CitM, that is specific for the complex of citrate and Mg 2+ but is also capable of transporting citrate in complex with the heavy metal ions Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ and Co 2+ . We report on the impact of CitM activity on the toxicity of Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ and Co 2+ in B. subtilis. In a citM deletion mutant or under conditions in which CitM is not expressed, the toxic effects of the metals were reduced by the presence of citrate in the medium. In contrast, the presence of c… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Although not only the free cobalt species can be transported into a microbial cell (e.g. vitamin B 12 [8], Co-citrate [23] and siderophores [45] are directly taken up by the methanogenic cell), similar IC 50 values for all three measurement sets (standard deviation of only 22%) were obtained when taking only the free cobalt species (Co 2? ) concentration into account (Table 5).…”
Section: Role Of Speciation In Cobalt Toxicitymentioning
confidence: 74%
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“…Although not only the free cobalt species can be transported into a microbial cell (e.g. vitamin B 12 [8], Co-citrate [23] and siderophores [45] are directly taken up by the methanogenic cell), similar IC 50 values for all three measurement sets (standard deviation of only 22%) were obtained when taking only the free cobalt species (Co 2? ) concentration into account (Table 5).…”
Section: Role Of Speciation In Cobalt Toxicitymentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Although the free metal concentration strongly depends on precipitation [19], sorption [41] and speciation [43], the free metal ion is the most important chemical species for bacterial uptake [15] and therefore is also responsible for metal toxicity [13]. The presence of organic complexing ligands such as citrate (that decrease the free metal concentration) clearly influences the cobalt and nickel toxicity to bacteria, as is the case with Pseudomonas aeruginosa [6] or Bacillus subtilis [23]. These toxicity models were, however, established and verified for natural waters and higher organisms such as freshwater algae Chlorella kesslerii [15], urchin larvae [27] or mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Citrate transport by the gene product of EfcitH located in the citrate fermentation operon of E. faecalis ATCC29212 was demonstrated by comparing the uptake of [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]citrate in right-side-out (RSO) membrane vesicles prepared from cells of Escherichia coli BL21 containing either pET-EfcitH or the control vector pET28b, both induced with 0.25 mm isopropyl b-d-thiogalactopyranoside. The membranes were energized using the artificial electron donor system ascorbate ⁄ phenazine methosulfate (see Experimental procedures).…”
Section: Functional Characterization Of Cith Of E Faecalismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies failed to clarify the basis for the extreme Co 2ϩ sensitivity of JC112 (51). The microarray experiments revealed up-regulation in JC112 of citM, which is capable of taking up citrate in complex with a number of divalent cations, including toxic divalent cations such as Co 2ϩ (31,33). We hypothesized that up-regulation of citM in JC112 could facilitate use of citrate to offset the reduced use of malate caused by the down-regulation of maeN, since the Spiz-KM medium used routinely in growth experiments contained both malate and citrate.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%