“…Many studies are deal with the impact of COVID-19 on the financial markets, such as the impact on stock market returns and volatility (Al-Awadhi et al, Alhammadi, 2020;Albulescu, 2020;Ali et al, 2020;Ashraf, 2020bAshraf, , 2020cBahrini & Filfilan, 2020;Contessi & Pierangelo, 2020;Harjoto et al, 2020;Mazur, Dang, & Vega, 2020;Rababah et al, 2020;Thorbecke, 2020;Topcu & Gulal, 2020), market illiquidity (Baig et al, 2020), contagion effect (Okorie & Lin, 2020), government interventions or responses against COVID-19 (Ashraf, 2020a;Zaremba et al, 2021;Zaremba et al, 2020), cryptocurrencies (Conlon & McGee, 2020;Corbet, Larkin, & Lucey, 2020;Goodell & Goutte, 2020), tourism and leisure sectors (Chen et al, 2020;Ghosh, 2020), uncertainty (Jeris & Nath, 2020), social trust (Mazumder, 2020), dividends (Krieger & Mauck, 2020), and commodity prices (Corbet, Goodell, & Günay, 2020;Devpura & Narayan, 2020;Huang & Zheng, 2020;Salisu, Ebuh, & Usman, 2020).…”