Impact of the Presence Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in the Colostrum of Women Infected by COVID-19 During the Pregnancy in Neonatal Clinical Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dutra, Letícia Veríssimo; Silva, Mariliza Henrique da; Lebrão, Cibele Wolf; Sesti, Luís Fernando Castagnino; Souza, Fabíola Isabel Suano de

doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03553-9

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…All studies detected specific immunoglobulins against SARS-CoV-2. Infection mainly induces the production of specific IgA antibodies [17,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]46,47,[83][84][85][86], while vaccination mostly elicits the IgG response [22,25,27,29,32,38,42,44,46,47]. From the included studies, it seems that maternal age and BMI do not influence antibody titers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination—Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Human milk (HM) of mothers infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 contains specific immunoglobulins, which may protect their offspring against infection or severe disease. The time frame and duration after infection or vaccination, during which these immunoglobulins are detected in HM, as well as the major factors that influence their levels, have not been fully elucidated. This systematic review aimed to collect the existing literature and describe the immune response, specifically regarding the immunoglobulins in HM after COVID-19 disease or vaccination in non-immune women. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies published up until 19 March 2023. In total, 975 articles were screened, and out of which 75 were identified as being relevant and were finally included in this review. Infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily induces an IgA immune response in HM, while vaccination predominantly elevates IgG levels. These immunoglobulins give HM a neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the importance of breastfeeding during the pandemic. The mode of immune acquisition (infection or vaccination) and immunoglobulin levels in maternal serum are factors that seem to influence immunoglobulin levels in HM. Further studies are required to determine the impact of other factors, such as infection severity, lactation period, parity, maternal age and BMI on immunoglobulin level in HM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination—Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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“…They came from 21 countries, with 26 studies from China (31.7%). The earliest study start time is December 2019 ( 24 ), and the longest study span is 12 months ( 86 ). Thirteen studies reported both nucleic acid test results and antibody test results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such antibodies were still present at least ten months after infection. In Brazil, Dutra et al ( 86 ) conducted a cross-sectional study of 165 participants infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and their newborns, collecting postpartum colostrum samples from mothers. The results showed that 117 (70.9%) women were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in colostrum and confirmed that the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in colostrum was independently associated with lower clinical signs in newborns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breastfeeding vs. breast milk transmission during COVID-19 pandemic, which is more important?

He,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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The catastrophic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised many health questions, and whether breast milk from SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers may be a vector for SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a hot topic of concern worldwide. Currently, there are extremely limited and conflicting data on the risk of infection in infants through breastfeeding. For this reason, we investigated almost all current clinical studies and systematically analyzed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and antibodies in the breast milk of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, their effects on newborns, and the mechanisms involved. A total of 82 studies were included in this review, of which 66 examined the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk samples from mothers diagnosed with COVID-19, 29 reported results of antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk, and 13 reported both nucleic acid and antibody test results. Seventeen studies indicated the presence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in breast milk samples, and only two studies monitored viral activity, both of which reported that infectious viruses could not be cultured from RNA-positive breast milk samples. All 29 studies indicated the presence of at least one of the three antibodies, IgA, IgG and IgM, in breast milk. Five studies indicated the presence of at least one antibody in the serum of breastfed newborns. No COVID-19-related deaths were reported in all 1,346 newborns. Our study suggests that direct breastfeeding does not pose an additional risk of infection to newborns and that breast milk is a beneficial source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that provide passive immune protection to infants. In addition, direct breastfeeding would provide maternal benefits. Our review supports the recommendation to encourage direct breastfeeding under appropriate infection control guidelines.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier: 458043.

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“…Recent studies have provided evidence of the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies in the colostrum of pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection [ 20 , 21 ]. This presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA has been associated with a reduced frequency of clinical symptoms in newborns [ 21 ]. Considering the significant increase in immunoglobulin expression in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is worth exploring this topic further.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk Conferred Immunity to Infants Against COVID-19

Richard,

Maziashvili,

Tran

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has notably impacted healthcare systems and everyday life worldwide. Regulatory authorities have approved the emergency use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines due to the rapid spread of the virus. However, during vaccination testing, pregnant and breastfeeding women were initially excluded, leading to a lack of evidence-based recommendations. When taking the COVID-19 pandemic into account, breastfeeding has emerged as a potential defense mechanism against this infection due to its numerous benefits for newborns. Human breast milk contains immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), lactoferrin, and various cells that play an inevitable role in the newborn's protection against respiratory infections and immune system development. Various studies have highlighted that the onset and severity of respiratory infections in infants can be reduced through breastfeeding, and the effects are noticeable during the first six months of life and that breast milk also has the potential to enhance mucosal immunity and promote a diverse microbiome, reducing the risk of asthma, allergies, and enteric diseases through the provision of specific antibodies and immunological factors. Researchers have indicated that breastfeeding mothers who contracted and recovered from COVID-19 or received vaccination passed protective antibodies to their infants through breast milk. Although rare cases of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk have been reported, the virus has not been cultured from these samples, suggesting a low risk of transmission to the breastfed baby. However, further research is essential to understand the extent of protection provided by breast milk against COVID-19 and the potential effect of distinct phases of lactation. Nonetheless, the current evidence supports the benefits and safety of breastfeeding during the pandemic. With appropriate safety measures, promoting breastfeeding can contribute to the overall health and well-being of infants during the phase of COVID-19.

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Impact of the Presence Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA in the Colostrum of Women Infected by COVID-19 During the Pregnancy in Neonatal Clinical Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination—Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk after Coronavirus Disease or Vaccination—Time Frame and Duration of Detection in Human Milk and Factors That Affect Their Titers: A Systematic Review

Breastfeeding vs. breast milk transmission during COVID-19 pandemic, which is more important?

Breast Milk Conferred Immunity to Infants Against COVID-19

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