Impact of the sulphur dioxide sources in the Kola Peninsula on air quality in northernmost Europe

Tuovinen, Juha‐Pekka; Laurila, Tuomas; Lättilä, Heikki; Ryaboshapko, A. G.; Brukhanov, Petr; Korolev, S. A.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90124-h

Cited by 107 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Severe injuries in the chloroplasts and mitochondria were most apparent in lichens growing close to the Monchegorsk smelter, where dust deposition, particularly Ni and Cu (Poikolainen, 1997), and SO # concentrations (Tuovinen et al, 1993) were significantly elevated. The initial stage of injury to algal cells also occurred in northern Finland, where the atmospheric SO # concentrations were at regional background levels (Tuovinen et al, 1993). These observations corroborate earlier findings that lichen photobionts are sensitive to air pollution (Holopainen, 1984 ;Eversman & Sigal, 1987).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulphur dioxide emissions from the nickel and copper smelters in NW Russia lead to significant atmospheric SO # concentrations and S deposition over large areas in northern Europe (Tuovinen et al, 1993). In 1990, the total SO # emissions from the Petchenganikel, Zapolyarnyy and Monchegorsk smelters were 490 000 t (Tikkanen & Niemela$ , 1995).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1990, the total SO # emissions from the Petchenganikel, Zapolyarnyy and Monchegorsk smelters were 490 000 t (Tikkanen & Niemela$ , 1995). The critical annual mean concentration of 20 µg g −" SO # for forest vegetation (UNECE, 1993) is exceeded over an area of 7000 km# around the smelters (Tuovinen et al, 1993), and the critical annual mean concentration of 5-10 µg g −" SO # for the most sensitive lichen species (Holopainen, 1984) extends for up to 90 km, reaching into NE Finland.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of atmospheric ground level concentrations of SO # in northern Finland and NW Russia were based on a dispersion model (Tuovinen et al, 1993). The model does not extend to the southwestern part of the study area in Finland.…”

Section: Environmental Factors : Chemical Analysis Of Pine Bark Climmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with air pollution

et al. 2000

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The photobiont ultrastructure of the epiphytic lichens Bryoria fuscescens and Bryoria fremontii was studied along the pollution gradient from two Cu-Ni smelters in Nikel and Monchegorsk in northern Finland and north-western Russia. The relationship between ultrastructural characteristics of B. fuscescens and environmental factors (i.e. climate, atmospheric SO # and bark element concentrations) was studied by using a principal component analysis (PCA) aiming to assess the air quality in a northern environment. Based on PCA, increased plasmolysis and mitochondrial changes in the Trebouxia photobiont were significantly correlated with elevated pollutant concentrations. Degenerated cells, showing altered chloroplasts and electron-translucent pyrenoglobuli, occurred in lichens growing 35-50 km from the Monchegorsk smelter. Cell wall and cytoplasmic lipid volumes, and size of pyrenoglobuli, positively correlated with the distance from the Monchegorsk smelter. Vacuoles and electronopaque vacuolar deposits were significantly increased at the Finnish site in the vicinity of a pulp mill. Swelling of mitochondrial cristae and thylakoids showed little correlation with environmental factors, but indicated of initial stage of injuries and were observed at several slightly polluted sites in northern Finland and north-western Russia. The results suggest that the severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with poor air quality.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Factors : Chemical Analysis Of Pine Bark Climmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with air pollution

et al. 2000

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“…The observation that sulfur concentrations are not higher in the all contaminated by Kola sample set than in the Cont sample set can be explained by the fact that the smelters in Kola Peninsula emit sulphur into the atmosphere primarily as SO2, the contribution of particulate sulfate being <2% of the total sulfur [Tuovinen et al, 1993]. It was also shown by Tuovinen et al [1993] …”

Section: Observed Concentration Levelsmentioning

confidence: 60%

A model mechanism to describe oxidation of monoterpenes leading to secondary organic aerosol: 1. α‐pinene and β‐pinene

Barthelmie¹,

Pryor²

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. A model mechanism to describe the oxidation of ct-pinene and [3-pinene has been developed based on the chemistry of lower alkenes and smog chamber studies of gas and aerosol phase products of monoterpene oxidation described in the literature. The mechanism is designed to replace single-step aerosol yield or fractional aerosol coefficient approaches currently used in numerical atmospheric chemistry transport models. The mechanism predicts the concentrations of condensable products which are partitioned between gas and aerosol phases based on the absorption approach of Odum et al. [1996] and Hoffinann et al. [1997] but uses a six-product rather than a two-product model. Model-predicted aerosol concentrations and yields are similar to those observed in the smog chamber, and the timing of aerosol formation is in reasonable accord with that observed. The monoterpene mechanism is also used to develop aerosol "isopleths" based on NOx and ct-pinene concentrations and temperatures representative of those found in the atmosphere.

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Forty-seven years of weekly atmospheric black carbon measurements in the Finnish Arctic: Decrease in black carbon with declining emissions

Dutkiewicz

Dejulio

Ahmed

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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Concentrations of atmospheric black carbon, [BC], were determined from filter samples collected weekly at Kevo, Finland (69°45′N, 27°02′E), from 1964 to 2010 using optical and thermal optical methods. The data provide the longest record of directly measured [BC] 1976-1977, 1985-1987, and 1999. During such periods, nickel concentrations were well correlated with [BC]. This suggests that emissions from extensive ore smelting on the Kola Peninsula were significant contributors of particulate matter observed at Kevo. Simulations of [BC] at Kevo using the OsloCTM3 model using different emission inventories and meteorological data sets were performed. Modeled concentrations were lower than observed by a factor of 4. The results indicated that circulation changes can explain year to year variability, but the downward trend in the observations is mostly explained by emissions. Emission inventories in Europe, Russia, and the former Soviet Union are poorly constrained and appear to need revision in order to match observed trends in BC atmospheric concentrations.

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Impact of the sulphur dioxide sources in the Kola Peninsula on air quality in northernmost Europe

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with air pollution

Severe photobiont injuries of lichens are strongly associated with air pollution

A model mechanism to describe oxidation of monoterpenes leading to secondary organic aerosol: 1. α‐pinene and β‐pinene

Forty-seven years of weekly atmospheric black carbon measurements in the Finnish Arctic: Decrease in black carbon with declining emissions

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