Abstract:This study examined the effects of physical therapists' behaviors on the levels of distress and coping of 32 children (19 males, 11 females; age range 2.6 to 9.1 years) during a painful medical procedure. This is the second study to assess children throughout rehabilitation following selective posterior rhizotomy and the first to assess the impact of physical therapists’behaviors. Results of the Child‐Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale‐Revised confirmed the hypotheses that: (1) children exhibit more cop… Show more
“…The descriptions of the coded nonverbal behaviors were derived from the nonverbal behavior codes defined in the CAMPIS-SF. 22,30,39,40 Our coding procedure comprised the following codes for parents' behavior: (1) verbal/nonverbal pain-attending behavior, (2) verbal/nonverbal nonpain-attending behavior, and (3) other. The nonverbal behavior categories used in our coding scheme (ie, painattending vs. nonpain-attending) were made in accordance with the verbal behavior categories used by Walker and colleagues 26 (attending talk vs. distracting talk) and the CAMPIS-R (distress-promoting vs. coping-promoting behavior).…”
The findings demonstrate the importance of parental catastrophic thinking in understanding their caregiving responses and preparing parents and children for painful invasive medical procedures.
“…The descriptions of the coded nonverbal behaviors were derived from the nonverbal behavior codes defined in the CAMPIS-SF. 22,30,39,40 Our coding procedure comprised the following codes for parents' behavior: (1) verbal/nonverbal pain-attending behavior, (2) verbal/nonverbal nonpain-attending behavior, and (3) other. The nonverbal behavior categories used in our coding scheme (ie, painattending vs. nonpain-attending) were made in accordance with the verbal behavior categories used by Walker and colleagues 26 (attending talk vs. distracting talk) and the CAMPIS-R (distress-promoting vs. coping-promoting behavior).…”
The findings demonstrate the importance of parental catastrophic thinking in understanding their caregiving responses and preparing parents and children for painful invasive medical procedures.
“…7 Standardized pain assessment tools were classified into self-report, physiological, behavioral, and composite measures. 14,29 The survey was formatted on Survey Monkey. 22 A list of nonpharmaceutical pain management techniques that may be used by physical therapists was developed on the basis of several Cochrane reviews of nonpharmaceutical pain management in children with a variety of diagnoses, 1 study on the effects of the psychosocial physical therapy environment on child coping, and reviews of pain and anxiety management in children undergoing medical procedures.…”
Further research is needed to determine the feasibility of using behavioral pain assessment measures during physical therapy sessions. Physical therapist continuing education regarding nonpharmaceutical pain interventions is indicated.
“…The ability of children to cope with pain induced by therapy procedures appears to be related to their cognitive status; 42 children with CP with the greatest potential for development of deformity are likely to be those least well able to cope with pain related to the use of a postural management programme and least able to communicate their resultant distress. This distress and pain may increase the child’s muscle tone 43 leading to further pain and spasm which may be relieved only by removing the postural management system.…”
Continuous postural management programmes are commonly used for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V, with the aim of preventing musculoskeletal deformity. There is a lack of evidence to support their use in this capacity and a possibility that children with CP who are most likely to develop deformity may be least able to comply with a continuous postural management programme. The implications for the child and family of such a programme in terms of increased demands and potential discomfort are discussed within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. A shift in focus in the use of postural management from an emphasis on body structure towards the environment and participation of the child with CP is suggested.
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