Impact of thermal maturity on the diagenesis and porosity of lacustrine oil-prone shales: Insights from natural shale samples with thermal maturation in the oil generation window

Liu, Bo; Wang, Yi; Tian, Shansi; Guo, Yuanling; Wang, Liu; Yasin, Qamar; Yang, Jianguo

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2022.104079

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The pore network evolution is jointly affected by the depositional environment, diagenetic events, and OM thermal maturation. ,,− …”

Section: Controlling Factors On Pore Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to conventional clastic sandstone reservoirs, the main diagenetic events in mudrocks comprise compaction, cementation, dissolution, clay mineral transformation, and grain replacement. 37,76 Peng et al demonstrated that the authigenic minerals in the Cline shale feature grain replacements, euhedral ankerite, calcium phosphate cement, and precipitates in large pores. 106,107 The SEM-CL technique has gradually deepened the research on the diagenesis of siliceous mudrocks, since it can effectively distinguish the quartz of different origins commonly with different crystal morphologies and CL colors and intensities.…”

Section: Diagenetic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic matter (OM) hosted pores are a particular pore type in mudrock reservoirs and have been proven to be important for gas-in-place (GIP). − Therefore, the geological controls on the generation and differential development of OM pores have attracted the attention of many scholars. − Additionally, several studies have been reported in the literature on the dynamic evolution of the pore system during the process of diagenetic transformation and OM thermal maturation. − The basic consensus is that the evolution of OM pores is closely related to OM thermal maturation, while that of the mineral-related pores is controlled by both diagenesis and thermal maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Microscopic Pore Structure Characterization of Fine-Grained Mudrocks

Wang

Cheng

2023

Energy Fuels

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The microscopic structure of the pore system in fine-grained mudrocks provides spaces for hydrocarbon percolation, migration, and occurrence. It exhibits strong heterogeneity due to the intimate mingling of organic matter (OM) and inorganic minerals and the intricate architecture of the internal network and dynamic changes along the diagenetic pathway and OM thermal maturation. The present review critically summarizes the advances in structure characterization, geological controlling factors, and heterogeneity of the pore system in mudrocks. The pore system in mudrocks can be divided into micro-, meso-, and macropores by diameters, OM-hosted, interparticles, and intraparticle pores by origin and distribution and connected and nonconnected pores according to whether they are connected. The commonly used pore structure characterization techniques can be classified into three categories: i.e., imaging, fluid invasion, and ray-related techniques. Their principles, experimental conditions, applicability, required sample sizes, detectable pore types and diameter ranges, advantages, and disadvantages have been comparatively summarized. To obtain more precise and comprehensive structural properties, multiple techniques are highly recommended to validate and complement each other. The depositional environment, diagenetic events, and OM thermal maturation jointly control the formation and evolution of the pore system. Differences in provenance and depositional background affect primary grain assemblages and thus changes in physical properties during burial depth. Diagenetic transformations mainly change the morphology and structure of mineral-related pores, while OM thermal maturation mainly controls that of OM-hosted pores. Furthermore, the pore structure of mudrocks generally shows strong heterogeneity, which can be effectively assessed by a point-counting porosity quantification and multifractal theory. Finally, we propose the challenges and prospects of microscopic pore structure characterization of mudrocks. More attention needs to be paid to quantifying OM-hosted and mineral-related pore volume fractions, effectively distinguishing connected and nonconnected pores, and comprehensively quantifying the coupled effect of diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation on pore network evolution. In conclusion, the most important aspect of this review is to summarize modern characterization methods and geological controls on pore structure development and propose prospects for unconventional reservoir characterization, with the hope of providing the ultimate knowledge to researchers engaged in unconventional shale oil and gas resources.

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“…The pore network evolution is jointly affected by the depositional environment, diagenetic events, and OM thermal maturation. ,,− …”

Section: Controlling Factors On Pore Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagenetic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Microscopic Pore Structure Characterization of Fine-Grained Mudrocks

Wang

Cheng

2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Thermal maturity is an essential parameter for shale, which determines whether shale resources are available and what type of shale resources they are (e.g., shale-oil and shale-gas), and shows impacts on the diagenesis and porosity (Liu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Thermal Maturity Of Om and Hydrocarbon Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation conditions and enrichment mechanisms of the Jurassic lacustrine organic-rich shale in the East Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China: A reassessment based on organic geochemistry

et al. 2023

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Chemical composition of sediments is often used to evaluate paleoclimate condition, provenance, tectonic setting, depositional condition, and paleoproductivity. However, the validity of these proxies has long been questioned. The comprehensive use of organic and inorganic multi-indicators in combination when interpreting issues related to terrestrial shales should be advocated. The paleodepositional environment, origin of organic matter (OM) and factor controlling OM accumulation in the Early Jurassic Badaowan (J1b) and Sangonghe (J1s) as well as Middle Jurassic Xishanyao (J2x) lacustrine shales in the East Fukang Sag are reassessed by using organic geochemical characteristics of the OM. Some previous knowledge is updated, and some knowledge is further supported by more evidence. The typical clay-rich shale developed under a lacustrine sedimental environment, and the thermal maturity of these organic-rich shales has entered the oil window and formed economic hydrocarbon potential for the tight-oil and shale-oil reservoirs. The paleoclimate conditions of the study area were warm and humid from the Early to Middle Jurassic periods but were colder and drier after the Middle Jurassic period. The salinity of the water column ranged from freshwater to brackish conditions. The J2x Formation was deposited under oxic conditions, while J1b and J1s formations developed under suboxic and reducing environmental conditions. The J2x Formation OM mainly derived from higher plants was deposited in a terrestrial environment,while the OM of J1b and J1s formations was a mixed OM derived from higher plants and bacteria with little algae deposited under bay/estuary environments alternated with terrestrial environments. It is effective to reflect the paleoclimate by element index and judge the salinity by the updated element thresholds, but it is not effective to evaluate the paleoredox conditions by common elemental ratios and to evaluate the paleoproductivity by Ba in the study area.

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“…Late Paleozoic sediments from eastern Inner Mongolia in Northeast China record the formation and evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, which was located between the Siberia, North China, and Pacific plates. − From the perspective of sedimentation, the types and characteristics of shale are the focus of shale oil and shale gas research in recent years, − while the Paleozoic and older strata are the focus of shale gas research. − The thick, fine-grained sediments of the Zhesi Formation in the Middle Permian have potential as a petroleum source rock and have not experienced regional metamorphism. The Zhesi Formation is one of four major source rocks in the late Paleozoic strata in northeast China. , Previous work on the Zhesi Formation has focused on paleobiology, sequence stratigraphy, − provenance, and tectonic setting, − whereas few studies have considered the depositional characteristics and petroleum potential of the source rocks, and the study on the distribution of sedimentary environment only takes the Permian as the research unit. − In addition, the closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean is controversial, some work has suggested that the Paleo-Asian Ocean closed in the Middle Permian or Early Carboniferous, before deposition of the Zhesi Formation, − whereas other work suggests that the Paleo-Asian Ocean closed much later, in the late Permian. − Combined with field work and geochemical analyses, the paleo environment and source rock potential of the Zhesi Formation have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary Characteristics of the Permian Zhesi Formation in Eastern Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Sedimentary Background and Shale Gas Resource Potential

Wang

Liu

2022

ACS Omega

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Eastern Inner Mongolia of China is located between the Siberian plate, the North China plate, and the Pacific plate and has a complex history of tectonic and sedimentary evolution. The sedimentary strata of the Zhesi Formation in the Middle Permian recorded rich environmental, structural, and petroleum geological information, which has great significance to the Paleozoic geological research in Northeast China. Through field outcrop observation and profile measurement, combined with geochemistry, mineralogy, and the reservoir physical property test, the sedimentary environment, tectonic setting, and shale gas resource potential of the Middle Permian Zhesi Formation are analyzed. The sedimentary facies of the Zhesi Formation are distributed in strips in the northeast direction, mainly developing littoral, shallow marine, and bathyal sedimentary environments. Clastic rock deposits are mainly developed in the littoral facies, carbonate platform and tempestite deposits are mainly developed in the shallow marine facies, and mudstone mixed with turbidite deposits are mainly developed in the bathyal facies. The sedimentary environment and chronological characteristics show that the Paleo-Asian Ocean was not completely closed in the Middle Permian, and its complete closure time should be later. The characteristics of source rocks and the shale gas resource potential in the Solon area are discussed. Controlled by the sedimentary environment, the Solon area mainly deposited thick dark shale mixed with turbidite sandstone, the accumulated thickness of the dark shale is more than 200 m, with an average vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 2.44%, and the average residual total organic carbon (TOC) content is 0.85%. The average content of brittle minerals is 60.2% and the shale foliation fracture is developed, which is easy to form natural fractures and induced fractures, so the shale has good hydrocarbon generation potential, and the generated shale gas can exist in shale in an adsorbed state and a free state. In addition, the shale gas generated in the shale can migrate to the lenticular turbidite sand body in a short distance to form free shale gas. Therefore, there is a certain shale gas resource potential in the Solon area, and finding a favorable area with high TOC is the key to future exploration of Upper Paleozoic shale gas.

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Impact of thermal maturity on the diagenesis and porosity of lacustrine oil-prone shales: Insights from natural shale samples with thermal maturation in the oil generation window

Cited by 56 publications

References 43 publications

Advances in Microscopic Pore Structure Characterization of Fine-Grained Mudrocks

Advances in Microscopic Pore Structure Characterization of Fine-Grained Mudrocks

Formation conditions and enrichment mechanisms of the Jurassic lacustrine organic-rich shale in the East Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China: A reassessment based on organic geochemistry

Sedimentary Characteristics of the Permian Zhesi Formation in Eastern Inner Mongolia, China: Implications for Sedimentary Background and Shale Gas Resource Potential

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