Impact of Tipula paludosa larvae on plant growth and the soil microbial community

Dawson, Lorna; Grayston, Susan J.; Murray, Philip J.; Ross, J. M.; Reid, Eileen; Treonis, Amy M.

doi:10.1016/s0929-1393(03)00099-4

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…T. paludosa feeding ecology has largely focused on damage directed at belowground plant tissues. Removal of both lateral and primary root axes is affected by root morphology and grass species identity (Dawson et al 2002(Dawson et al , 2004. While this work does not identify the causative factors that may similarly affect aboveground feeding, it does indicate a role for grass texture in the measured response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Dawson et al (2002) supported the work of Ramsell et al (1993) in showing that plant genotype and root physical structure can inßuence T. paludosa feeding, with larvae greatly reducing Trifolium repens (L.) root length but having no effect on Lolium perenne L. root length. T. paludosa feeding was also shown to decrease biomass and root:shoot ratios in T. repens but not in Agrostis capillaris (L.); however, the rate of root appearance for A. capillaries was signiÞcantly reduced (Dawson et al 2004). Little work has examined the extent to which aboveground tissue defenses impact T. paludosa feeding success.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Host Plant Resistance of Cool-Season (C3) Turfgrasses to Above- and Belowground Feeding by <I>Tipula paludosa</I> (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Petersen¹,

Peck²

2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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Feeding on above-and belowground plant tissues by Tipula paludosa Meigen during the period of rapid growth from second to forth instars is highly damaging to cool-season (C3) turfgrasses. It may be possible to reduce this damage by identifying grass genotypes that increase host plant protection. This study examined the impacts of plant genotype, endophyte infection, and plant ontogeny on host plant and insect responses during whole-plant feeding by T. paludosa. A series of no-choice greenhouse trials were conducted with third instar crane ßies to determine 1) host plant tolerance in terms of reductions to above-and belowground plant biomass, 2) antixenosis resistance impacting insect behavior (emigration), and 3) antibiosis resistance impacting insect growth. Results showed that insect infestation level was the primary factor inßuencing plant biomass reductions. Belowground tissues were more tolerant to feeding than were aboveground tissues, with tall fescues, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, being most resistant to aboveground biomass reduction. Host plant associations with intercellular fungal endophytes (Eϩ) decreased insect weight gain and decreased insect movement, but did not increase host plant tolerance. Plant ontogeny affected this response with insect weight gain signiÞcantly decreased on young (28 d) growth Eϩ grasses but not on old (90 d) growth Eϩ grasses, however. Host plant genotype and plant ontogeny can have signiÞcant impacts to host plant tolerance and insect physiology for T. paludosa larva. Furthermore, plant-endophyte associations have apparent sublethal effects that impact insect Þtness and may further enhance host plant protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Plant Resistance of Cool-Season (C3) Turfgrasses to Above- and Belowground Feeding by <I>Tipula paludosa</I> (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Petersen¹,

Peck²

2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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“…Pseudomonas species in the soil obtain the majority of their C sources from root exudates. [52] It is possible that within these two habitats the main C source driving them is different. In grassland the source may be root-derived, whereas in the woodland it may be litterderived, and it is this difference in source that is reflected in the different 13 C gas signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the flow of bacterially derived¹³C and¹⁵N through soil faunal feeding channels

Crotty

Blackshaw

Murray

2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The soil food web has been referred to as a 'black box', a 'poor man's tropical rainforest' and an 'enigma', due to its opacity, diversity and the limited insight into feeding specificity. Here we investigate the flow of C and N through the soil food web as a way to gain understanding of the feeding interactions occurring. A bacterium, Pseudomonas lurida, was introduced to soil cores from two different habitats, a grassland and a woodland with the same soil type, enriched to 99 atom% in (13)C and (15)N, to trace the flow of bacterial C and N through the soil food web. Throughout the experiment the soil remained enriched in (13)C and (15)N. Almost all the invertebrates tested gained C and N enrichment indicative of the labelled bacteria, implying that bacterial feeding is a common mechanism within the soil. Only three groups were significantly enriched in both (13)C and (15)N in both habitats. These were Collembola (Entomobryomorpha), Acari (Oribatida), and Nematoda, indicating that these organisms are consuming the most bacteria within both systems. When the invertebrates were grouped into hypothesised trophic levels, those considered secondary decomposers were gaining the most enrichment across all invertebrates tested. This enrichment was also high in the micro-predators within the soil, implying that their main food source was the secondary decomposers, particularly the Collembola. Using an enriched bacterium to track the trophic transfer between organisms within the soil food web is a novel way of empirically showing that interactions are occurring, which normally cannot be seen.

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“…Besides the challenge to classify soil biota into distinct feeding guilds, the interaction of soil biota with plants generally has both a direct and indirect component. For example, feeding by root herbivores may induce plant defense and root exudation (direct pathway) leading to a stimulation of the microbial activity and mineralization processes (indirect pathway) (Bardgett et al, 1999; Dawson et al, 2004). Thus soil biota in direct trophic interaction also change indirect pathways to plants.…”

Section: Mechanisms Involved In the Effects Of Soil Biota In Direct Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-mediated links between detritivores and aboveground herbivores

Wurst

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Most studies on plant-mediated above–belowground interactions focus on soil biota with direct trophic links to plant roots such as root herbivores, pathogens, and symbionts. Detritivorous soil fauna, though ubiquitous and present in high abundances and biomasses in soil, are under-represented in those studies. Understanding of their impact on plants is mainly restricted to growth and nutrient uptake parameters. Detritivores have been shown to affect secondary metabolites and defense gene expression in aboveground parts of plants, with potential impacts on aboveground plant–herbivore interactions. The proposed mechanisms range from nutrient mobilization effects and impacts on soil microorganisms to defense induction by passive or active ingestion of roots. Since their negative effects (disruption or direct feeding of roots) may be counterbalanced by their overall beneficial effects (nutrient mobilization), detritivores may not harm, but rather enable plants to respond to aboveground herbivore attacks in a more efficient way. Both more mechanistic and holistic approaches are needed to better understand the involvement of detritivores in plant-mediated above–belowground interactions and their potential for sustainable agriculture.

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Impact of Tipula paludosa larvae on plant growth and the soil microbial community

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Host Plant Resistance of Cool-Season (C3) Turfgrasses to Above- and Belowground Feeding by <I>Tipula paludosa</I> (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Host Plant Resistance of Cool-Season (C3) Turfgrasses to Above- and Belowground Feeding by <I>Tipula paludosa</I> (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Tracking the flow of bacterially derived¹³C and¹⁵N through soil faunal feeding channels

Plant-mediated links between detritivores and aboveground herbivores

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Impact of Tipula paludosa larvae on plant growth and the soil microbial community

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Host Plant Resistance of Cool-Season (C3) Turfgrasses to Above- and Belowground Feeding by <I>Tipula paludosa</I> (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Host Plant Resistance of Cool-Season (C3) Turfgrasses to Above- and Belowground Feeding by <I>Tipula paludosa</I> (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Tracking the flow of bacterially derived13C and15N through soil faunal feeding channels

Plant-mediated links between detritivores and aboveground herbivores

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Product

Resources

About

Tracking the flow of bacterially derived¹³C and¹⁵N through soil faunal feeding channels