“…As a classification problem, the pre-crash condition and normal traffic condition have to be defined first (Hossain and Muromachi, 2012). Some studies defined the pre-crash condition as a time period starting right before an accident and extending up to 5 or 10 min (Oh et al, 2005;Zheng et al, 2010), while some studies defined it as a 5 min time period starting from a close time point such as 4 or 5 min before the accident (Abdel-Aty et al, 2008;Hossain and Muromachi, 2012). In this paper, as shown in Fig.…”