Impact of Transgene Inheritance on the Mitigation of Gene Flow Between Crops and Their Wild Relatives: The Example of Foxtail Millet

Shí, Yùzhēn; Wang, Tian Yu; Yu, Li; Darmency, Henri

doi:10.1534/genetics.108.092809

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The dose of trifluralin was low enough for it not to be a direct mortality factor, but certainly acted at emergence time to select for the most vigorous seedlings because trifluralin is a cell division inhibitor. Resistance to sethoxydim is not known to confer any differential response to trifluralin, for which an independent, unlinked resistance gene is known (Shi et al, 2008). A larger radicle at germination and higher juvenile growth of the R seedlings, as observed in the growth cabinet experiment, probably conferred some advantage for escaping the trifluralincontaminated soil layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A herbicide-resistant ACCase 1781 Setaria mutant shows higher fitness than wild type

et al. 2010

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It is often alleged that mutations conferring herbicide resistance have a negative impact on plant fitness. A mutant ACCase1781 allele endowing resistance to the sethoxydim herbicide was introgressed from a resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv) population into foxtail millet (S. italica (L.) Beauv.). (1) Better and earlier growth of resistant plants was observed in a greenhouse cabinet. (2) Resistant plants of the advanced BC7 backcross generation showed more vigorous juvenile growth in the field, earlier flowering, more tillers and higher numbers of grains than susceptible plants did, especially when both genotypes were grown in mixture, but their seeds were lighter than susceptible seeds. (3) Field populations originating from segregating hybrids had the expected allele frequencies under normal growth conditions, but showed a genotype shift toward an excess of homozygous resistant plants within 3 years in stressful conditions. Lower seed size, lower germination rate and perhaps unexplored differences in seed longevity and predation could explain how the resistant plants have the same field fitness over the whole life cycle as the susceptible ones although they produce more seeds. More rapid growth kinetics probably accounted for higher fitness of the resistant plants in adverse conditions. The likelihood of a linkage with a beneficial gene is discussed versus the hypothesis of a pleiotropic effect of the ACCase resistance allele. It is suggested that autogamous species like Setaria could not develop a resistant population without the help of a linkage with a gene producing a higher fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A herbicide-resistant ACCase 1781 Setaria mutant shows higher fitness than wild type

et al. 2010

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“…; Shi et al. ). Imidazolinone‐herbicide‐tolerant varieties of sunflower (non‐GM) have recently been put on the market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantifying temporal isolation: a modelling approach assessing the effect of flowering time differences on crop‐to‐weed pollen flow in sunflower

Roumet

Cayre

Latreille

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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Flowering time divergence can be a crucial component of reproductive isolation between sympatric populations, but few studies have quantified its actual contribution to the reduction of gene flow. In this study, we aimed at estimating pollen-mediated gene flow between cultivated sunflower and a weedy conspecific sunflower population growing in the same field and at quantifying, how it is affected by the weeds' flowering time. For that purpose, we extended an existing mating model by including a temporal distance (i.e. flowering time difference between potential parents) effect on mating probabilities. Using phenological and genotypic data gathered on the crop and on a sample of the weedy population and its offspring, we estimated an average hybridization rate of approximately 10%. This rate varied strongly from 30% on average for weeds flowering at the crop flowering peak to 0% when the crop finished flowering and was affected by the local density of weeds. Our result also suggested the occurrence of other factors limiting crop-to-weed gene flow. This level of gene flow and its dependence on flowering time might influence the evolutionary fate of weedy sunflower populations sympatric to their crop relative.

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“…; Shi et al. ). The mitigation strategy consists of the incorporation of genes, such as those resulting in dwarfism, low seed shattering, and susceptibility to herbicides, together with the gene of interest, to decrease the establishment of the transgene in the population (Al‐Ahmad et al.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary and social consequences of introgression of nontransgenic herbicide resistance from rice to weedy rice in Brazil

Merotto

Goulart

Nunes

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Several studies have expressed concerns about the effects of gene flow from transgenic herbicide‐resistant crops to their wild relatives, but no major problems have been observed. This review describes a case study in which what has been feared in transgenics regarding gene flow has actually changed biodiversity and people's lives. Nontransgenic imidazolinone‐resistant rice (IMI‐rice) cultivars increased the rice grain yield by 50% in southern Brazil. This increase was beneficial for life quality of the farmers and also improved the regional economy. However, weedy rice resistant to imidazolinone herbicides started to evolve three years after the first use of IMI‐rice cultivars. Population genetic studies indicate that the herbicide‐resistant weedy rice was mainly originated from gene flow from resistant cultivars and distributed by seed migration. The problems related with herbicide‐resistant weedy rice increased the production costs of rice that forced farmers to sell or rent their land. Gene flow from cultivated rice to weedy rice has proven to be a large agricultural, economic, and social constraint in the use of herbicide‐resistant technologies in rice. This problem must be taken into account for the development of new transgenic or nontransgenic rice technologies.

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Impact of Transgene Inheritance on the Mitigation of Gene Flow Between Crops and Their Wild Relatives: The Example of Foxtail Millet

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

A herbicide-resistant ACCase 1781 Setaria mutant shows higher fitness than wild type

A herbicide-resistant ACCase 1781 Setaria mutant shows higher fitness than wild type

Quantifying temporal isolation: a modelling approach assessing the effect of flowering time differences on crop‐to‐weed pollen flow in sunflower

Evolutionary and social consequences of introgression of nontransgenic herbicide resistance from rice to weedy rice in Brazil

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