Impact of trends and gender disparity in obesity on future type 2 diabetes in Turkey: a mathematical modelling analysis

Anakök, Gül Anıl; Awad, Susanne F.; Huangfu, Peijue; Abu‐Raddad, Laith J.; Ünal, Belgin; Critchley, Julia

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053541

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Participants were recruited from the UK and Turkey. These countries have a high prevalence of young adults with T2DM and have publicly funded healthcare systems 2,4,20 . Participants were purposively sampled to include women with T2DM, aged 18–45 years, living in either the UK or Turkey who were able to speak and understand English or Turkish.…”

Section: Sample and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is accompanied with shift towards a younger age of onset 1–3 . Among younger people, the incidence of T2DM is higher in girls compared with boys 1,3–5 . During their reproductive years T2DM can be challenging 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 , 2 , 3 Among younger people, the incidence of T2DM is higher in girls compared with boys. 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 During their reproductive years T2DM can be challenging. 5 , 6 Women with T2DM can experience problems related to the menstrual cycle, menopause, sexual dysfunction and infertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over two decade ago, an Australian study reported relatively common binge eating behaviours among women with T2DM; still, there has been little focus on disordered eating among this group since. 12 Although it is recognised that diabetes‐related health issues are burdensome, 2 , 4 , 9 there is little understanding of the diabetes experiences and healthcare needs of women with T2DM during their reproductive years. 5 , 7 , 9 , 13 To address this gap, the impact of diabetes must be explored to better understand challenges women with T2DM experience during this time of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 , 6 Therefore, the needs of women with T2DM may vary during these life stages, which have not been previously studied. Furthermore, diabetes care is not tailored to the specific healthcare needs of this population, with a lack of dedicated care‐pathways, 2 limited research 2 , 4 and they do not feature in national diabetes guidelines 16 , 17 apart from pregnancy‐specific guidelines. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the experiences, views and the health needs of women with T2DM during their reproductive years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘No one ever asks about something that actually is relevant to my life’: A qualitative study of diabetes and diabetes care experiences of young women with type 2 diabetes during their reproductive years

et al. 2022

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Aim: To understand the health needs, experiences, and views of women with type 2 diabetes in relation to diabetes, reproductive health experiences, and general wellbeing.Method: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Thirty-six women with type 2 diabetes (median age 37 years; age ranges 20-45 years; median diabetes duration 4.5 years), recruited through social media and charities in the UK (n = 23) and Turkey (n = 13). Video interviews (n = 28) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Email interviews (n = 8) and transcribed video interviews were analysed using Framework Analysis.Results: Two overarching themes were identified: (1) Perception of self and identity, (2) type 2 diabetes care is not orientated to women's needs. These themes highlight that living with type 2 diabetes was negatively perceived by the women in terms of their self-identity and reproductive health. Women reported that the diabetes care provided was often not appropriate or relevant to their health needs, and neglected issues of relevance to them. The women voiced ideas for enhancing current care to reflect their health needs, in particular the need for more emotional and peer-based support. Conclusion:Living with type 2 diabetes may negatively impact how women view themselves and how they relate to the roles they identify with such as, as a partner, mother, colleague. Current healthcare systems are not orientated to the specific needs of younger women with type 2 diabetes with limited opportunities to target their diabetes care around their health and wellbeing concerns and interests.

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Section: Sample and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘No one ever asks about something that actually is relevant to my life’: A qualitative study of diabetes and diabetes care experiences of young women with type 2 diabetes during their reproductive years

et al. 2022

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Nonlinear association between the triglyceride-glucose index and diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese individuals: a cross-sectional retrospective analysis

Sun,

Gu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is linked to both the development and progression of diabetes, while obesity remains a significant risk factor for this disease. However, the relationship between the TyG index and overweight or obese diabetes remains unclear. Methods This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from 40,633 participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m 2 who were screened from January 2018 to December 2023 at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. Participants were divided into groups of overweight or obese individuals with diabetes and those without diabetes according to the diabetes diagnostic criteria. The TyG index, the dependent variable, was determined using the equation ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. We explored the association between TyG index and diabetes in overweight or obese individuals through multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, generalized additive models, smoothed curve fitting, and analysis of threshold effects. Results Patients who were overweight or obese and had diabetes had higher TyG index levels than those without diabetes. After adjusting for confounders, our findings indicated a significant association between the TyG index and the risk of diabetes in overweight or obese individuals [odds ratio (OR) = 7.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.98–7.81]. There was a J-shaped nonlinear association between TyG index and diabetes. When TyG index was > 4.46, the risk of diabetes increased sharply. Notably, a high baseline TyG index (Q4 group) correlated with a notably greater risk of diabetes than did the Q1 group, with an OR of 22.72 (95% CI: 20.52–25.16). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between TyG and diabetes was stronger in females than in males (OR = 7.57, 95% CI: 6.76–8.48,), more significant in individuals with a BMI of 24–28 kg/m 2 than in those with a BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2 (OR = 8.40, 95% CI: 7.83–9.02), and increased with age (OR = 8.15, 95% CI: 7.25–9.17) (all P for interaction < 0.001). Conclusion Among overweight or obese individuals, a higher TyG index is associated with an elevated risk of diabetes, especially when TyG is > 4.46. Furthermore, factors such as sex, age, and BMI significantly influence the risk of diabetes in overweight or obese individuals. Specifically, older women with a BMI of 24–28 kg/m 2 are at a greater risk of diabetes under similar TyG index conditions.

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Correlation between Serum Levels of Vaspin, BMI, and Waist Circumference on Obese and Non-Obese Subjects

Syahrir,

Nurahmi,

Kurniawan

2023

Indonesian J. Clin. Pathol. Med. Lab.

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Obesity is the accumulation of excessive fat resulting from an imbalance in energy intake compared to energy used for a long period. Vaspin is secreted in adipose tissue and may exhibit compensatory responses related to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine vaspin levels in obese and non-obese subjects. An observational research design with a cross-sectional approach was used in this study. A total of 80 research subjects were included in this study. The research was conducted at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory at the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hasanuddin University Hospital in January 2022. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data. Chi-Square, unpaired T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman test were used as statistical tests. This study showed a significant difference in anthropometric parameters between the obese and non-obese groups (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the mean levels of vaspin between the obese and non-obese groups (707.68±774.47 ng/mL vs. 510.60±460.08 ng/mL, p=0.004). There was a positive correlation between vaspin levels and waist circumference (r = 0.245, p=0.004) and between vaspin levels and BMI (r = 0.322, p=0.028). The serum levels of vaspin tended to be higher in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects. The positive correlation between vaspin levels and BMI and waist circumference indicated that a higher BMI and/or waist circumference led to a higher vaspin level.

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Impact of trends and gender disparity in obesity on future type 2 diabetes in Turkey: a mathematical modelling analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

‘No one ever asks about something that actually is relevant to my life’: A qualitative study of diabetes and diabetes care experiences of young women with type 2 diabetes during their reproductive years

‘No one ever asks about something that actually is relevant to my life’: A qualitative study of diabetes and diabetes care experiences of young women with type 2 diabetes during their reproductive years

Nonlinear association between the triglyceride-glucose index and diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese individuals: a cross-sectional retrospective analysis

Correlation between Serum Levels of Vaspin, BMI, and Waist Circumference on Obese and Non-Obese Subjects

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