Impact of Two Intense Dust Storms on Aerosol Characteristics and Radiative Forcing over Patiala, Northwestern India

Sharma, Deepti; Singh, Darshan; Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G.

doi:10.1155/2012/956814

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Some studies had quantified RF caused by dust storms over the Indian subcontinent. For example Sharma et al (2012) calculated RF over Patiala in India for 6 days of high dust loading (τ 500 = 1 ± 0.51) and found the average RF to vary between −50 and −100 W m −2 at surface level and −10 and −25 W m −2 at TOA. In another study Prasad et al (2007) calculated RF over Kanpur, India, and found the average RF at surface level to be to increase from −30 W m −2 for March to −84 W m −2 for June whereas net RF at TOA increased from −3.2 W m −2 for March to 43 W m −2 for June (ω 500 ≈ 0.84-0.74, τ 500 ≈ 0.55-1.18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of ground-based and airborne measurement campaigns mainly in the African, Mediterranean and Asian regions have been conducted in recent years to analyze the optical and physical properties of dust aerosols (Sabbah et al, 2001;Ahn et al, 2007;Heinold et al, 2008;Kaskaoutis et al, 2008;McConnell et al, 2008;Osborne et al, 2008;Ansmann et al, 2011;Haywood et al, 2011), the frequency of dust outbreaks (Goudie and Middleton, 1992;Gao et al, 2003;Kutiel andFruman 2003, Rezazadeh et al, 2013) and their sources and transport range (Youlin et al, 2002;El-Askary et al, 2003, Washington et al, 2003Xuana et al, 2004;Tsolmon et al, 2008;Rashki et al, 2012;Notaro et al, 2013). Several case studies of dust outbreaks have been conducted in which direct radiative forcing at the surface and at top of the atmosphere (TOA) have been calculated using ground-based and satellite-based data (Xu et al, 2003;Costa et al, 2006;Prasad et al, 2007;Di Sarra et al, 2008;Markowicz et al, 2008;Pandithurai et al, 2008;Di Biagio et al, 2010;Lemaître et al, 2010;Park et al, 2010;Sharma et al, 2012). The results are highly variable depending on their regional and temporal scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aerosol's optical and physical characteristics and direct radiative forcing during a shamal dust storm, a case study

Saeed

Al‐Dashti²,

Spyrou

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Dust aerosols are analyzed for their optical and physical properties during an episode of a dust storm that blew over Kuwait on 26 March 2003 when the military Operation Iraqi Freedom was in full swing. The intensity of the dust storm was such that it left a thick suspension of dust throughout the following day, 27 March. The synoptic sequence leading to the dust storm and the associated wind fields are discussed. Ground-based measurements of aerosol optical thickness reached 3.617 and 4.17 on 26 and 27 March respectively while the Ångstrom coefficient, α 870/440 , dropped to −0.0234 and −0.0318. Particulate matter concentration of 10 µm diameter or less, PM 10 , peaked at 4800 µg m −3 during dust storm hours of 26 March. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) by Deep Blue algorithm and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol index (AI) exhibited high values. Latitude-longitude maps of AOD and AI were used to deduce source regions of dust transport over Kuwait. The vertical profile of the dust layer was simulated using the SKIRON atmospheric model. Instantaneous net direct radiative forcing is calculated at top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface level. The thick dust layer of 26 March resulted in cooling the TOA by −60 Wm −2 and surface level by −175 Wm −2 for a surface albedo of 0.35. Slightly higher values were obtained for 27 March due to the increase in aerosol optical thickness. Radiative heating/cooling rates in the shortwave and longwave bands were also examined. Shortwave heating rate reached a maximum value of 2 K day −1 between 3 and 5 km, dropped to 1.5 K day −1 at 6 km and diminished at 8 km. Longwave radiation initially heated the lower atmosphere by a maximum value of 0.2 K day −1 at surface level, declined sharply at increasing altitude and diminished at 4 km. Above 4 km longwave radiation started to cool the atmosphere slightly reaching a maximum rate of −0.1 K day −1 at 6 km.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol's optical and physical characteristics and direct radiative forcing during a shamal dust storm, a case study

Saeed

Al‐Dashti²,

Spyrou

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The industrial cities like Ludhiana, Mandi Gobindgarh located in the northwest direction of the sampling site affect the aerosol characteristics over the study region. For further detail related to the site description, reference is made to our earlier publications (Rajput et al, 2011;Sharma et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2014). This site represents a region where both anthropogenic and natural aerosols show distinct seasonal characteristics and mixing.…”

Section: Site Description and Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In autumn, the large scale post harvest paddy residue burning in and around the city is a major source of pollutants (Mittal et al, 2009). During spring and summer, the region experiences occasional dust storms (Sikka, 1997;Sharma et al, 2012). In May during summer, wheat residue burning also contributes significantly to ambient PM (Rajput et al, 2011).…”

Section: Site Description and Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the study region, Rastogi et al (2014) reported that the PM 2.5 composition was dominated by organic matter followed by the salts of ammonium and potassium with sulfate and nitrate, and the ratio of organic (OC) to elemental carbon (EC) was high during the season of autumn and winter, suggesting the dominance of biomass burning emissions. Occasional dust storms during spring and summer season are responsible for high aerosol loading (Sikka, 1997;Sharma et al, 2012). During the pre-monsoon period (April-June) of year 2010, Sharma et al, (2012) observed high value of AOD (> 1), aerosol index (2.1-6.7) and atmospheric aerosol radiative forcing (~40-80 W/m 2 ) due to occurrence of six dust storms over the Patiala region.…”

Section: Variability In Particulate Mass and Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter and Intra-Annual Variability in Aerosol Characteristics over Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plain

Singh

Rastogi

Sharma

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study reports the temporal characteristics of aerosols mass concentration (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1 ), size distribution and optical depth from December 2011 to November 2013 over Patiala (30.33°N, 76.40°E, 249 a.s.l.), a site located in IndoGangetic Plain (IGP) in northwestern India, a region with the highest population density in the world. PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 1 varied from 71 to 221, 27 to 92, and 17 to 75 µg/m 3 , respectively, with the highest concentration of PM 10 during summer of 2012, and PM 2.5 and PM 1 during autumn of 2013. These mass concentrations were significantly higher than National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards (PM 10 = 60 and PM 2.5 = 40 µg/m 3 ), suggesting poor quality of air over IGP. Both natural and anthropogenic sources were found to be responsible for poor air quality of IGP with more contribution from the latter source as inferred from Ångström exponent (α 380-870 ) and fine mode fraction (FMF: PM 2.5 /PM 10 ) of aerosols, which have shown large temporal variability. The particle size distribution is skewed towards particles with size less than 1.00 µm and very few particles are having the size greater than 6.25 µm. Aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD 500 ) ranged from 0.36 to 0.64 and shows the highest value during summer of 2012 (0.64 ± 0.09) and autumn of 2013 (0.64 ± 0.25) and minimum (0.36 ± 0.05) in spring of 2013, further reflecting the different effects of aerosols on climate during different seasons. The relation between AOD 500 and PM mass has also been investigated, which has exhibited significant seasonality and AOD 500 is more sensitive towards the concentration of PM 1 rather than PM 2.5 and PM 10 . These results give insight to the relative contribution of natural as well as anthropogenic aerosol sources to their total atmospheric abundances and their possible effect on ambient air quality and Earth's radiation balance.

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Elevated aerosol layers and their radiative impact over Kanpur during monsoon onset period

et al. 2016

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Accurate information about aerosol vertical distribution is needed to reduce uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing and its effect on atmospheric dynamics. The present study deals with synergistic analyses of aerosol vertical distribution and aerosol optical depth (AOD) with meteorological variables using multisatellite and ground‐based remote sensors over Kanpur in central Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP). Micro‐Pulse Lidar Network‐derived aerosol vertical extinction (σ) profiles are analyzed to quantify the interannual and daytime variations during monsoon onset period (May–June) for 2009–2011. The mean aerosol profile is broadly categorized into two layers viz., a surface layer (SL) extending up to 1.5 km (where σ decreased exponentially with height) and an elevated aerosol layer (EAL) extending between 1.5 and 5.5 km. The increase in total columnar aerosol loading is associated with relatively higher increase in contribution from EAL loading than that from SL. The mean contributions of EALs are about 60%, 51%, and 50% to total columnar AOD during 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. We observe distinct parabolic EALs during early morning and late evening but uniformly mixed EALs during midday. The interannual and daytime variations of EALs are mainly influenced by long‐range transport and convective capacity of the local emissions, respectively. Radiative flux analysis shows that clear‐sky incoming solar radiation at surface is reduced with increase in AOD, which indicates significant cooling at surface. Collocated analysis of atmospheric temperature and aerosol loading reveals that increase in AOD not only resulted in surface dimming but also reduced the temperature (∼2–3°C) of lower troposphere (below 3 km altitude). Radiative transfer simulations indicate that the reduction of incoming solar radiation at surface is mainly due to increased absorption by EALs (with increase in total AOD). The observed cooling in lower troposphere in high aerosol loading scenario could be understood as a dynamical feedback of EAL‐induced stratification of lower troposphere. Further, the observed radiative effect of EALs increases the stability of the lower troposphere, which could modulate the large‐scale atmospheric dynamics during monsoon onset period. These findings encourage follow‐up studies on the implication of EALs to the Indian summer monsoon dynamics using numerical models.

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Impact of Two Intense Dust Storms on Aerosol Characteristics and Radiative Forcing over Patiala, Northwestern India

Cited by 57 publications

References 82 publications

Aerosol's optical and physical characteristics and direct radiative forcing during a shamal dust storm, a case study

Aerosol's optical and physical characteristics and direct radiative forcing during a shamal dust storm, a case study

Inter and Intra-Annual Variability in Aerosol Characteristics over Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plain

Elevated aerosol layers and their radiative impact over Kanpur during monsoon onset period

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