Impact of two rounds of praziquantel mass drug administration on Schistosoma mansoni infection prevalence and intensity: a comparison between community wide treatment and school based treatment in western Kenya

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases among Primary School-going Children in Rarieda, Siaya County-Kenya

“…However, it was noted that the prevalence in boys (29.3 percent) was higher than the prevalence in girls with a percentage difference of four percent. This finding did not corroborate to the study done in Nepal in which it was found that the prevalence of STH in females was higher than the prevalence in males [8]. The difference in the finding of the two studies was attributed to the fact that the study in Nepal included females and males of all age groups.…”

“…Low prevalence of STH g pupils of upper classes compared to lower classes colleagues was attributed to two factors: maturity and learning pressure in upper value of .86262 the difference in prevalence of STH among the pupils of different classes was however, not statistically Interventions for the control and prevention of STH must therefore, among other measures, focus on health promotion and education, and must also focus on behaviour change such as encouragement of the pupils to s when outdoors, washing of hands after toilets visitation, and even washing of Based on the type Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases, it was established that infections by hookworms were the highest at 53 percent followed by roundworms at 39 percent whereas infections by whip worms were the least at only eight percent. These results were similar to the study in Nigeria, in which it was found that A. lumbricoides was the most common STH at 29.3 percent while T. trichiura had the least prevalence at 2.3 percent [4,8]. This implied that interventions for control and prevention of STH among the community as much as it should focus on all types of worms, should pay much specific attention to A. lumbricoides.…”

“…Apart from Rarieda, the other five sub-counties in Siaya include Bondo, Ugenya, Alego, Gem and Ugunja [7]. The main economic activities in the area include food and cash crop farming, cattle rearing mostly in small scales, and fishing [8]. Rarieda Sub-County is made up of two communities namely Uyoma and Asembo.…”

“…The results on the risk factors were in agreement with results from other studies previously done on the same or closely related topic. For example, Multivariable logistic regression analysis in the study of prevalence and riskfactors of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Nepal revealed that not using soap for handwashing was a significant risk factor for the prevalence of roundworm, hookworms and whipworm [4,8]. Similarly, not using sandals or shoes outside was a significant risk factor for the prevalence of roundworm and hookworms [4,8].…”

“…A study in Anhui Province in central China indicated that labouring barefooted in farmlands was one of the risk factors for A. lumbricoides infection among local residents [9,19]. Moreover, as one of the poor hygiene behaviours, not wearing shoes outside or walking barefooted also were the main risk factors for STH among local population in poor communities in Nepal, Vietnam and Ethiopia [8,19]. An evaluation for the control program of STH infections in rural Malaysia and a systematic review for STH infection around the world showed that wearing shoes outside was associated with reduced odds of infection with any STH [19].…”