Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone on the Transepidermal Water Loss as a Function of Skin Temperature in Hairless Mice

Thiele, Jens J.; Dreher, Frank; Maibach, Howard I.; Packer, Lester

doi:10.1159/000072068

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In normal human skin, TEWL has been shown to increase exponentially with skin temperature both ex vivo (31,32) and in vivo (25,30,33). A similar finding has been noted in hairless mouse skin; however, the effect is more pronounced in this species than that found in man (34). The positive relationship of TEWL to skin temperature in psoriasis and eczema is different from that obtained in normal skin and can be explained by both exponential and linear models (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Effects of Three Anesthetic Regimens on Bioengineering Methods Conducted on Ventral Abdominal Skin of Weanling Swine

Graham

Reid

Niemoth

et al. 2004

Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information 106Graham et al.abdominal wound sites. As anesthetic agents affect cardiac output and deep vascular and cutaneous microcirculation in many species, there was a need to identify an anesthetic regimen with minimal effects on baseline measurements. The effects of three anesthetic regimens on reflectance colorimetry, transepidermal water loss, and laser Doppler perfusion imaging were studied in unexposed control animals. Methods:The following regimens were tested on six female Yorkshire swine (weanlings, 8-11 kg): repeated, separate intramuscular (i.m.) injections of ketamine HC1 and xylazine HC1 (K/X, at 20 ± 2 mg/kg and 2 ± 0.2 mg/kg, respectively), repeated i.m. injections of a tiletamine HC1/zolazepam HCl/xylazine HCl combination (T/X, at 2.2 mg/kg, 2.2 mg/kg, and 4.4 mg/kg, respectively), and the tiletamine HC1/zolazepam HC1/xylazine HC1 combination as a preanesthetic and isoflurane inhalation to maintain anesthesia (T/X/Iso; dosage of tiletamine HC1/ zolazepam HCl/xylazine HC1 was the same as listed above, with 2.5-3.0% isoflurane in oxygen at an initial flow rate of 2 L/min, reduced to 1.0%-1.5% at 0.8-1.0 L/min for maintenance). Each regimen was administered in three iterations within a week (every other day), with a minimum 1-week washout period between regimens.Results: The effect of the anesthetic regimens on bioengineering assessments of ventral abdominal skin was evaluated. For reflectance colorimetry, regimens T/X and K/X had a narrower range of readings over the three testing days than T/X/Iso. Either T/X or K/X was suitable, with T/X preferred because of a lesser blanching effect. T/X or T/X/Iso were preferred for transepidermal water loss readings, because overall they depressed transepidermal water loss rates less than did K/X. T/X, T/X/Iso, and K/X all affected cutaneous blood flow, with no clear preference. Conclusions: Overall, T/X produced the most consistent results with the fewest anesthetic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Effects of Three Anesthetic Regimens on Bioengineering Methods Conducted on Ventral Abdominal Skin of Weanling Swine

Graham

Reid

Niemoth

et al. 2004

Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

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“…Therefore, it is usually recommended to control skin and room temperature during experimental procedures dealing with stratum corneum hydration. The temperature dependency of TEWL has been shown for human skin in vitro as well as in vivo [4,5,6,7,8]. TEWL is an indicator of the functional integrity of the stratum corneum [4, 7] forming the main barrier for skin diffusion and hindering xenobiotics from entering the body easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, electrometric properties of the stratum corneum were found to be influenced by seasonal variations in dew point and by the perception of sensitive skin [3]. It is also noteworthy that the values of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are influenced by both the skin and probe temperatures [4,5,6,7,8]. The temperature dependency of TEWL consistently indicates a drop in TEWL on cooler skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dew Point Effect of Cooled Hydrogel Pads on Human Stratum Corneum Biosurface

2007

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Background: Cooled hydrogel pads are used to prevent overheating effects of laser therapy. They do not induce cold injuries to the skin, but their more subtle physiological effects have not been thoroughly studied. Purpose: To describe the changes in transepidermal water loss and electrometric properties of the skin surface following application of cooled hydrogel pads. Measurements were performed on normal forearm skin of 27 healthy volunteers and on freshly excised skin from abdominoplasty. Methods: LaserAid® hydrogel pads cooled to 4°C were placed for 15 min on the forearm skin. Measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrometric properties (Corneometer®, Nova DPM 900®) were performed before application and after removal of the cooled pads. Results: A consistent increase in corneometer units, dermal phase meter (DPM) values and TEWL were recorded at removal of the cooled hydrogel pads. Both the in vivo and in vitro assessments brought similar information. Discussion: The similar changes disclosed in vitro and in vivo suggest that a common physical process is operating in these conditions. The observed phenomenon is opposite to the predicted events given by the Arrhenius law probably because of the combination of cooling and occlusion by the pads. A dew point effect (air temperature at which relative humidity is maximal) is likely involved in the moisture content of the stratum corneum. Thus, the biological impact of using cooling hydrogel pads during laser therapy is different from the effect of a cryogenic spray cooling procedure. The better preservation of the water balance in the stratum corneum by the cooled hydrogel pads could have a beneficial esthetic effect on laser treated areas.

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“…The reduction of ozone in the stratosphere occurs as a consequence of human activities such as chlorofluorocarbon and greenhouse gases and besides that the cosmetic sprays leads to an increase in the amount of UVC radiation on the earth. It is estimated that skin cancer, cataract and immune deficiency diseases will increase in the near future (Majumdar et al, 2013;Stolarski et al, 1992;Thiele et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UVC Radiation on the Thickness of Glomerular Basement Membrane in Mole Rats

Türker¹

2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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In general, the Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) is the main part of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier (GBF) in living organisms which border the urinary space and capillary lumen. It is thought that, the GBF comprises the endothelium, the basement membrane and the foot processes of podocytes. In this study, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) C radiation on the thickness of GBM in mole rats (Spalax leucodon) kidneys were examined by transmission electron microscope. Thirteen adult mole rats of both sexes, weighing 180-200 g were used in this study. The mole rats were divided into four groups. Group I was separated as the control and did not take any radiation. The other groups were irradiated by artificially produced UVC radiation for 14, 28 and 60 days. After the euthanasia, the kidney samples were taken, dissected out and fixed. Then the specimens were examined on transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the thickening of the GBM was evident at 14 days after UVC radiation exposure and the thickness of GBM increased more than twice of control value at 28 days. But after 60 days of radiation exposure, the thickening decreased slightly. The results showed that UVC radiation caused the thickness of GBM in mole rats according to radiation dose and exposure times.

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Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone on the Transepidermal Water Loss as a Function of Skin Temperature in Hairless Mice

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Three Anesthetic Regimens on Bioengineering Methods Conducted on Ventral Abdominal Skin of Weanling Swine

Effects of Three Anesthetic Regimens on Bioengineering Methods Conducted on Ventral Abdominal Skin of Weanling Swine

Dew Point Effect of Cooled Hydrogel Pads on Human Stratum Corneum Biosurface

Effects of UVC Radiation on the Thickness of Glomerular Basement Membrane in Mole Rats

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