Impact of ultraviolet radiation on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders: The role of nitric oxide and vitamin D

Abstract

Background/PurposeUltraviolet (UV) radiation has both harmful and beneficial effects on human skin and health. It causes skin damage, aging, and cancer; however, it is also a primary source of vitamin D. Additionally, UV radiation can impact energy metabolism and has protective effects on several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in mice and humans. However, the mechanisms of UV protection against these diseases have not been clearly identified.MethodsThis review summarizes the systemic effects of UV radiation on hypertension and several metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice, and we also consider the mechanisms of action of the related regulators nitric oxide (NO) and vitamin D.ResultsUV exposure can lower blood pressure and prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, primarily through mechanisms that depend on UV‐induced NO. UV radiation may also effectively delay the onset of type 1 diabetes through mechanisms that rely on UV‐induced vitamin D. UV‐induced NO and vitamin D play roles in preventing and slowing the progression of NAFLD.ConclusionUV exposure is a promising nonpharmacological intervention for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. NO and vitamin D may play a crucial role in mediating these effects. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the exact mechanisms and determine the optimal dosage and exposure duration of UV radiation.

The impact of sunlight exposure on brain structural markers in the UK Biobank

“…Moreover, the nitric oxide (NO), acting as a endogenous vasodilator, can improve blood flow and lower blood pressure, thereby prompting brain health. It has been indicated that exposure to UV radiation in sunlight may lead to the release of NO from the skin into the bloodstream 18 . However, the association of sunlight with brain structure remains incompletely understood now.…”

“…has been indicated that exposure to UV radiation in sunlight may lead to the release of NO from the skin into the bloodstream 18 . However, the association of sunlight with brain structure remains incompletely understood now.…”

Chronic ultraviolet irradiation induces memory deficits via dysregulation of the dopamine pathway

“…UV exposure to the skin triggers skin-related biochemical responses and impacts signal transduction pathways in other organs. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that chronic UV exposure can alter the levels of hormones, proteins, and small molecules, such as melanocyte-stimulating hormone 4 , β-endorphin 5 , nitric oxide 6,7 , and urocanic acid 8 , in the skin or blood.…”