Impact of urban street canyon architecture on local atmospheric pollutant levels and magneto-chemical PM10 composition: An experimental study in Antwerp, Belgium

Hofman, Jelle; Castanheiro, Ana; Nuyts, Gert; Joosen, Steven; Spassov, Simo; Blust, Ronny; Wael, Karolien De; Lenaerts, Silvia; Samson, Roeland

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135534

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Road traffic has been regarded as one of the major sources of magnetic particles in the environment owing to the high χ lf of road dust. ,, However, the transport sector shows very low χ lf and M s values, which implies that the magnetic properties of roadside PM might be dominated by non-exhaust emissions like brakes and tires rather than gasoline or diesel exhaust . The M s values of particles emitted from brakes were ∼100 times higher than those from vehicle exhaust particles, showing properties significantly different from those of vehicle exhaust particles, and the PM 2.5 emission of brakes and tires accounted for 10–40% of total vehicle exhaust particles reported by previous studies. − When brake and tire emissions are taken into consideration, the transport sector will slightly increase the contribution proportion of magnetic particle emission to ∼1.4% (see Table S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Particles Unintentionally Emitted from Anthropogenic Sources: Iron and Steel Plants

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Magnetic particles suspended in the atmosphere have attracted public attention due to their adverse health impacts. However, the origin of these magnetic particles has not been addressed. This study first reports the magnetic properties and chemical characteristics of emitted dusts from various anthropogenic sources. On the basis of the combination of magnetic parameter measurements and PM2.5 emission inventories, the iron and steel industry contributes >80% of the total magnetic particle emission among the studied emission source categories. In contrast, the magnetic particles emitted from other sectors make up a significantly smaller portion. Magnetite is the dominant magnetic contributor, as suggested by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectra, and X-ray absorption studies. Morphological studies further indicate that nanoscale magnetite contained in steel plants derived particles is consistent with that found in human tissues. Our results suggest that applying a priority control strategy in the iron and steel industry can decrease the unintended emission of magnetic particles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Particles Unintentionally Emitted from Anthropogenic Sources: Iron and Steel Plants

Zhang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…The inhalation of magnetite particles arising from fossil fuel combustion in residential open fires might be damaging in its own right, through release of free iron and enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species via the Fenton reaction (Maher et al, 2016;Maher, 2019). But airborne magnetite pollution particles are also often co-associated with other toxic species, including other metals (including Ce, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, Al and Zn) (Spassov et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2007;Maher et al, 2016, Yang et al, 2016, Hofman et al, 2020 and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (Lehndorff & Schwark, 2004, Halsall et al, 2008, arising from incomplete combustion, which likely bind to the surfaces of magnetite particles (Maher, 2019). Our analysis shows that the dose of inhaled PM2.5 from open fires might exceed that at the roadside.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor particulate air pollution from open fires and the cognitive function of older people

Maher

O’Sullivan

Feeney

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Exposure to indoor air pollution is known to affect respiratory and cardiovascular health, but little is known about its effects on cognitive function. We measured the concentrations and magnetite content of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the indoor environment arising from burning peat, wood or coal in residential open fires. Highest indoor PM2.5 concentrations (60 µg/m 3 , i.e. 2.4 times the WHO-recommended 24-hour mean) occurred when peat was burned, followed by burning of coal (30 µg/m 3 ) and wood (17 µg/m 3 ). Conversely, highest concentrations of coarser PM (PM10-2.5) were associated with coal burning (20 µg/m 3 ), with lower concentrations emitted during burning of wood (10 µg/m 3 ) and peat (8 µg/m 3 ). The magnetic content of the emitted PM, greatest (for both PM size fractions) when coal was burned, is similar to that of roadside airborne PM. Exposure to PM, and to strongly magnetic airborne PM, can be greater for individuals spending ~5 hours/day indoors with a coal-burning open fire for 6 months/year compared to those commuting via heavily-trafficked roads for 1 hour/day for 12 months/year. Given these high indoor PM and magnetite concentrations, and the reported associations between (outdoor) PM and impaired neurological health, we used individual-level data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to examine the association between the usage of open fires and the cognitive function of older people. Using a sample of nearly seven thousand older people, we estimated multi-variate models of the association between cognitive function and open fire usage, in order to account for relevant confounders such as socio-economic status. We found a negative association between open fire usage and cognitive function as measured by widely-used cognitive tests such as word recall and verbal fluency tests. The negative association was largest and statistically strongest among women, a finding explained by the greater exposure of women to open fires in the home because they spent more time at home than men. Our findings were also robust to stratifying the sample between old and young, rich and poor, and urban and rural.

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“…Moreover, by resolving different Fe minerals and their oxidation states (Fe 0 vs. Fe 2+ vs. Fe 3+ ), the toxicity potential of Fe‐bearing nanoparticles and their human health impacts can be determined (Gonet & Maher, 2019). Biomonitoring studies have correlated magnetic properties with PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations (Hofman, Wuyts, Van Wittenberghe, Brackx, & Samson, 2014; Hofman, Wuyts, Van Wittenberghe, & Samson, 2014; Matzka & Maher, 1999; Muxworthy et al., 2003; Rea‐Downing et al., 2020), transition and heavy metals such as Co, Sr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Ti (Hofman et al., 2020; Maher et al., 2008; Spassov et al., 2004) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; Lehndorff & Schwark, 2004). A particle's size, surface area, and solubility are major determinants of its toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomagnetic Characterization of Air Pollution Particulates in Lahore, Pakistan

Sheikh

Maher

Karloukovski

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Epidemiological studies have associated particulate air pollution with reduced cognitive performance (Zhang et al., 2018), development of diseases in the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems (Devlin et al., 2014;Schwarze et al., 2006;Seaton et al., 1995), and dementia (H. Chen et al., 2017). The biological mechanisms behind higher risk of cardio-respiratory diseases in an air-polluted urban environment have been studied and associated with ultrafine particles (Leitte et al., 2012;Miller et al., 2017;Penttinen et al., 2001). The size, morphology, and chemical composition of particles are critical in gauging detrimental effects to human health. Conventional air pollution indices classify and monitor PM as a function of its aerodynamic diameter: Exposure to PM 0.1 (≤0.1 μm), often referred to as ultrafine particles (UFPs), is of increasing focus and concern because of UFPs potential adverse health implications, as small particles can exert higher toxicity than larger particles (Ohlwein et al., 2019). UFPs can be drawn into the body via ingestion (Calderón-Garcidueñas et al., 2020), skin (Araviiskaia et al., 2019), olfactory transport, and through the lungs, entering the alveoli and penetrating biological membranes, effectively translocating to almost all organs (

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Impact of urban street canyon architecture on local atmospheric pollutant levels and magneto-chemical PM10 composition: An experimental study in Antwerp, Belgium

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Magnetic Particles Unintentionally Emitted from Anthropogenic Sources: Iron and Steel Plants

Magnetic Particles Unintentionally Emitted from Anthropogenic Sources: Iron and Steel Plants

Indoor particulate air pollution from open fires and the cognitive function of older people

Biomagnetic Characterization of Air Pollution Particulates in Lahore, Pakistan

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