Impact of Valve Culture Positivity on Prognosis in Patients with Infective Endocarditis Who Underwent Valve Surgery

Abstract

Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe and fatal infection with high in-hospital and overall mortality rates of approximately up to 30%. Valve culture positivity was associated with in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications; however, few studies have analyzed the relationship between valve cultures and overall mortality over a long observation period. This study aimed to compare the association of valve culture positivity with overall mortality in patients with IE who underwent valve surgery. Methods A total of 416 IE patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in South Korea from November 2005 to August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 202 IE patients who underwent valve surgery and valve culture were enrolled. The primary endpoint was long-term overall mortality. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards model were used for survival analysis. Results The median follow-up duration was 63 (interquartile range, 38–104) months. Valve cultures were positive in 22 (10.9%) patients. The overall mortality rate was 15.8% (32/202) and was significantly higher in valve culture-positive patients (36.4%, p = 0.011). Positive valve culture [hazard ratio (HR) 3.921, p = 0.002], Charlson Comorbidity Index (HR 1.181, p = 0.004), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (HR 4.233, p = 0.001), new-onset central nervous system complications (HR 3.689, p < 0.001), and new-onset heart failure (HR 4.331, p = 0.001) were significant risk factors for overall mortality. Conclusions Valve culture positivity is a significant risk factor for long-term overall mortality in IE patients who underwent valve surgery. The importance of valve culture positivity needs to be re-evaluated, as the valve culture positivity rate increases with increasing early surgical intervention.

Impact of the Duration of Postoperative Antibiotics on the Prognosis of Patients with Infective Endocarditis

“…Antibiotics were selected according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines and Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines [3,26]. Appropriate antibiotic treatment was considered when at least one of the compounds was effective against the causative microorganism and when administered intravenously; specifically, if the identified strain was not susceptible to the empirically initiated antibiotics, the duration of antibiotic use was not counted until the date of change according to the susceptibility [17,27]. Decisions on surgical intervention were recommended by the multidisciplinary team, according to the guidelines [3,26].…”