Impact of Varied Factors on Iron, Nickel, Molybdenum and Vanadium Concentrations in the Knee Joint

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of iron, nickel, molybdenum, and vanadium in the knee joint. We also examined the relationships between the concentrations of these metals in the knee joint and the influence of varied factors on the concentration of Fe, Ni, Mo, and V. The study of these trace elements is important, because these elements are used alone and in combination in diet supplements, and they are components of biomaterials implanted in medicine. The study materials, consisting of the spongy bone, cartilage, meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and infrapatellar fat pad, were obtained from 34 women and 12 men from northwestern Poland. The concentrations of Ni, Fe, Mo, and V were determined using spectrophotometric atomic absorption in inductively coupled argon plasma (ICP-AES). We found significantly higher Mo concentrations in the ACL of women than men. There was a significant difference in the Mo concentration in the spongy bone between patients from cities with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants and patients from cities with more than 100,000 residents. Iron concentrations in the spongy bone were higher in non-smoking patients and those who did not consume alcohol. Vanadium concentrations were higher in the infrapatellar fat pads in abstainers. In patients who had not undergone arthroscopy surgery, V concentration was lower in cartilage. The concentrations of V in the cartilage and infrapatellar fat pad were higher in osteoporotic patients than in non-osteoporotic patients. There were significant differences in Fe concentrations in the meniscus, with the lowest in osteoporotic patients. We noted lower Mo concentrations in the spongy bone of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, we noted some new interactions among metals in the studied structures of the knee joint. The results reported in this study show the influence of gender, place of residence, smoking, consumption of alcohol, arthroscopy surgery, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis on the Fe, Ni, Mo, and V concentrations in the studied structures of the knee joint.

Iron Deposition in the Growth Plate of Long Bones of the Offspring When Given During Pregnancy in Rat Model

“…It is proven in a previous study that the toxicity caused by the accumulation of iron in body tissues can result in cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis 16 .…”

XJB-5-131 protects chondrocytes from ferroptosis to alleviate osteoarthritis progression via restoring Pebp1 expression

“…Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including OA [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] ]. Iron was not only an essential trace element in human body, but also indispensable for metabolic reactions in chondrocytes, such as redox reactions, cellular respiration and DNA synthesis [ 35 , 36 ]. However, the range of cellular benefits of iron was narrow, and intracellular iron overload in chondrocytes had been suggested as a risk factor for OA [ 37 ].…”

The Impact of Trace Elements on Osteoarthritis

“…Iron is a ubiquitous element that participates in many physiological processes. It can promote collagen synthesis and the conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D to its active form ( 110 , 111 ). Meanwhile, it stimulates the synthesis of bone matrix by activating lysyl hydroxylase, activates 25 hydroxycholecalciferol hydroxylase and supports the mineralization of bone matrix through vitamin D. Díaz-Castro et al ( 57 ) have found that severe iron deficiency results in poor bone mineralization, alters bone microstructure, reduces bone strength, and decreases biochemical markers of bone formation, such as N-terminal peptide of type I procollagen.…”

“…Nieuwenhuizen et al ( 65 ) have shown that iron overload synovial cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which trigger the catabolism of chondrocytes. In addition, high level of iron has been found in the infrapatellar fat pads of iron overload animals, which is owing to the accumulation in macrophages ( 111 ). The infrapatellar fat pad plays an important role in the homeostasis of knee joint ( 66 ).…”