Impact of Virioplankton on Archaeal and Bacterial Community Richness as Assessed in Seawater Batch Cultures

Winter, Christian; Smit, Arjan; Herndl, Gerhard J.; Weinbauer, Markus G.

doi:10.1128/aem.70.2.804-813.2004

Cited by 105 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…Increasing virus-to-prokaryote ratios with depth have been reported previously (Hara et al, 1996;Fuhrman, 2000;Weinbauer, 2004;Magagnini et al, 2007;Parada et al, 2007). The turnover time of viruses and their decay time, assuming that viral abundance is in steady state, was estimated to range from 11 to 39 days in the bathypelagic North Atlantic (Parada et al, 2007) compared with 1-2 days in near-surface waters (Noble and Fuhrman, 1998;Winter et al, 2004b). The substantially longer decay time in deep waters might be one reason for the less pronounced decrease in the abundance of viruses than prokaryotes with depth ( Figure 3 Bacterial community composition obtained by ARISA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2010

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Viral and prokaryotic abundance, production and diversity were determined throughout the water column of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean to assess potential variations in the relation between viruses and prokaryotes. Prokaryotic abundance and heterotrophic activity decreased by one and three orders of magnitude, respectively, from the epi-to the abyssopelagic layer. Although the lytic viral production (VP) decreased with depth, lysogenic VP was variable throughout the water column and did not show any trend with depth. The bacterial, archaeal and viral community composition were depth-stratified as determined by the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, terminalrestriction fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, respectively. Generally, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) did not reveal consistent trends throughout the water column. Viral and prokaryotic abundance were strongly related to heterotrophic prokaryotic production, suggesting similar linkage strength between the viral and prokaryotic communities from the lower epi-to the abyssopelagic layer in the Atlantic Ocean. Strikingly, the prokaryotic and viral parameters exhibited a similar variability throughout the water column down to the abyssopelagic layers, suggesting that the dark ocean is as dynamic a system as is the lower epipelagic layer. It also indicates that viruses are apparently having a similar role for prokaryotic mortality in the dark oceanic realm as in surface waters. The more than twofold increase in bacterial OTUs from 2750 m depth to 45000 m depth and the concurrent decrease in viral OTUs, however, suggests that viruses might exhibit a wider host range in deep waters than in surface waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2010

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“…Schwalbach et al (82) reported modest but significant effects on bacterial community composition in virus-reduced incubations but no effects in virus-enriched cultures. The results of Winter et al (109) showed that the effects of viruses were detected on the level of individual bacterial and archaeal phylotypes. In another study, Hewson and Fuhrman (34) investigated the influence of viral infection on bacterial communities at 15 stations in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico and in southern California.…”

Section: Manipulating Viral Abundance In Experimental Incubationsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Trade-Offs between Competition and Defense Specialists among Unicellular Planktonic Organisms: the “Killing the Winner” Hypothesis Revisited

Winter

Bouvier

Weinbauer

et al. 2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY A trade-off between strategies maximizing growth and minimizing losses appears to be a fundamental property of evolving biological entities existing in environments with limited resources. In the special case of unicellular planktonic organisms, the theoretical framework describing the trade-offs between competition and defense specialists is known as the “killing the winner” hypothesis (KtW). KtW describes how the availability of resources and the actions of predators (e.g., heterotrophic flagellates) and parasites (e.g., viruses) determine the composition and biogeochemical impact of such organisms. We extend KtW conceptually by introducing size- or shape-selective grazing of protozoans on prokaryotes into an idealized food web composed of prokaryotes, lytic viruses infecting prokaryotes, and protozoans. This results in a hierarchy analogous to a Russian doll, where KtW principles are at work on a lower level due to selective viral infection and on an upper level due to size- or shape-selective grazing by protozoans. Additionally, we critically discuss predictions and limitations of KtW in light of the recent literature, with particular focus on typically neglected aspects of KtW. Many aspects of KtW have been corroborated by in situ and experimental studies of isolates and natural communities. However, a thorough test of KtW is still hampered by current methodological limitations. In particular, the quantification of nutrient uptake rates of the competing prokaryotic populations and virus population-specific adsorption and decay rates appears to be the most daunting challenge for the years to come.

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“…In the two-years sampling less archaeal richness in primary forest soil was found. Although there are some reports addressing the archaeal diversity in tropical climatic zones [24][25][26], the understanding of these communities and their roles in ecosystems is incipient. Our study represents the initial effort to understand the archaeal communities present in tropical soils under different land use systems.…”

Section: Model I Of Amazonian Agricultural System: the "Slash-and-burmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Survey of the Diversity of Microbial Communities in Different Amazonian Agricultural Model Systems

et al. 2010

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Abstract:The processes of land conversion and agricultural intensification are a significant cause of biodiversity loss, with consequent negative effects both on the environment and the sustainability of food production. The anthrosols associated with pre-Colombian settlements in the Amazonian region are examples of how anthropogenic activities may sustain the native populations against harsh tropical environments for human establishment, even without a previous intentionality of anthropic soil formation. In a case study (Model I-"Slash-andBurn") the community structures detected by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) revealed that soil archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities are heterogeneous and each capable of responding differently to environmental characteristics. ARISA data evidenced considerable difference in structure existing between microbial communities in forest and agricultural soils. In a second study (Model II-"Anthropogenic Soil"), the bacterial community structures revealed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) differed among an Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE), black carbon (BC) and its adjacent non-anthropogenic oxisoil. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene (OTU) richness estimated by pyrosequencing was higher in ADE than BC. The most abundant bacterial phyla in ADE soils and BC were Proteobacteria-24% ADE, 15% BC; Acidobacteria-10% ADE, 21% BC; Actinobacteria-7% ADE, 12% BC; Verrucomicrobia, 8% ADE; 9% BC; Firmicutes-3% ADE, 8% BC. Overall, unclassified bacteria corresponded to 36% ADE, and 26% BC. Regardless of current land uses, our data suggest OPEN ACCESSDiversity 2010, 2 788 that soil microbial community structures may be strongly influenced by the historical soil management and that anthrosols in Amazonia, of anthropogenic origins, in addition to their capacity of enhancing crop yields, may also improve microbial diversity, with the support of the black carbon, which may sustain a particular and unique habitat for the microbes.

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Impact of Virioplankton on Archaeal and Bacterial Community Richness as Assessed in Seawater Batch Cultures

Cited by 105 publications

References 49 publications

Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean

Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean

Trade-Offs between Competition and Defense Specialists among Unicellular Planktonic Organisms: the “Killing the Winner” Hypothesis Revisited

A Molecular Survey of the Diversity of Microbial Communities in Different Amazonian Agricultural Model Systems

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