Impact of voltage dip induced delayed active power recovery on wind integrated power systems

Abstract

Installed wind power capacity is increasing rapidly in many power systems around the world, with challenging penetration targets set at national, and/or regional level. Wind power, particularly at higher penetration levels, introduces various grid issues, with frequency and voltage stability being particularly critical concerns. Voltage dip induced frequency stability following a network fault in such systems is one potential risk that has so far received limited attention by the research community. With state of the art modelling, the potential impact of a delayed active power recovery from wind generation following a network fault induced voltage dip is investigated. The subsequent voltage oscillations introduced by wind turbines, exacerbating frequency stability, are also examined. Analysis is carried out for a wide range of wind penetration levels and system scenarios, with the results demonstrated on the New England benchmark system.

A critical evaluation of grid stability and codes, energy storage and smart loads in power systems with wind generation

“…It ensures the depth and duration of voltage dips at the PCC that the wind generator has to be capable of riding through without losing stability. Ultimately the active power generation decreases in response to voltage dip [74]. Recent grid codes require reactive power support from the VSWT to operate at zero reactive power exchange at the PCC.…”

Enhanced wind turbine generator fault ride‐through capability by using hybrid on‐load tap changer

“…On the other hand, the post‐fault delayed active power recovery of WTG is currently a critical issue in high wind penetrated power systems [5, 19, 20]. A severe fault‐induced voltage dip in the vicinity of a large‐scale wind power plant can cause an instantaneous active power imbalance between generation and load in the system, thus resulting in a frequency excursion.…”

“…Moreover, in addition to the risk of WTG disconnection during LVRT, the limited short‐circuit capability of WTG and its post‐fault delayed active power recovery may create a frequency event following a LVRT event, particularly, at high wind penetration [5]. Therefore, minimising voltage dip at WTG terminal (maximising retained voltage) will not only help in avoiding WTG disconnection but also mitigate subsequent events that follow LVRT, such as voltage dip‐induced frequency excursion.…”

Wind power within European grid codes: Evolution, status and outlook

“…ENTSO‐E NC RfG states that post‐fault ramping rates are TSO‐specific, while not stating minimum requirements. The ramp rates are therefore treated as a local issue, which may not be an effective approach, as overall system stability can be affected, for example, voltage dip induced frequency dips (Rather & Flynn, ). There are large variations between the approaches taken by the different European TSOs, ranging from recovering active power as quickly as possible, subject to local voltage recovery, as in Ireland (EirGrid, ), versus ramping up active power production in a slow and controlled manner (TenneT, ).…”