Impact of Weight Reduction on Adiponectin and TNF-α Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluids of Obese Patients with and without Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Aim:The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of weight loss on the gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) levels of adiponectin and TNF-α in obese patients with periodontal disease. Materials and methods:Sixty obese subjects were recruited into the study and were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group 1-periodontally healthy obese patients, group 2-obese patients with gingivitis, group 3-obese patients with periodontitis. The GCF levels of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were evaluated using ELISA, and the same was correlated with the probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at baseline and after attainment of ≥10% weight reduction. Results:Reductions in body weight resulted in elevated adiponectin and reduced TNF-α levels in the GCF. Adiponectin levels showed significant positive correlations and TNF-α negative correlation with improved periodontal parameters. Conclusion:Weight reduction has an impact on obesity-related inflammatory changes on periodontal disease.Clinical significance: Obesity can be a potential risk factor for periodontitis, weight reduction measures can considerably reduce the inflammatory burden on the periodontium.

Association of adipokine levels with obesity in periodontal health and disease: A systematic review with meta‐analysis and meta‐regression

“…These results are in concordance with previous studies that have found TNF‐α and IL‐1β to be significantly elevated in GCF of obese healthy individuals along with a greater degree of gingival inflammation 74,75 . Another study found a decrease in the GCF levels of TNF‐α with a simultaneous increase in adiponectin levels after weight reduction 60 . A systematic review reported that subjects with periodontitis had a 30% greater chance of being diagnosed with obesity and a higher BMI 36 .…”

“…The most common reasons for exclusion were no obesity group included ( n = 34), smokers included ( n = 26), and subjects with other systemic diseases/conditions included ( n = 11) (Table S2). Seventeen articles were included in the meta‐analysis 20–23,25,51–62 . One study included groups with three grades of obesity and only one group was included since hyper‐glycemic subjects were included in other groups 63 .…”

“…74,75 Another study found a decrease in the GCF levels of TNFα with a simultaneous increase in adiponectin levels after weight reduction. 60 A systematic review reported that subjects with periodontitis had a 30% greater chance of being diagnosed with obesity and a higher BMI. 36 Although this must be interpreted cautiously, these findings could preliminarily suggest that obesity might prime the local environment by establishing a subclinical hyper inflammatory state in the periodontal tissues even before the onset of disease.…”

“…Seventeen articles were included in the meta-analysis. [20][21][22][23]25,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] One study included groups with three grades of obesity and only one group was included since hyper-glycemic subjects were included in other groups. 63 The kappa value at full-text screening stage was 0.8.…”