Impact of Wheat Planting Methods, Irrigation Water Quality and Levels on Nutrients Uptake and Water Use Efficiency.

Abstract

planting methods, water quality and water stress on nutrients NPK uptake and water use efficiency. The experimental design was strip split plot design with three replicates. The main plots were planting methods, (Broadcast, drilling and transplanting), sub plots were (fresh irrigation water, fresh irrigation water alternated drainage irrigation water and drainage irrigation water), and sub sub plots were arranged with three water regime treatments (25, 50 and 75 %) depletion of available soil moisture. Data showed that the nitrogen uptake by the grain and straw of wheat was significantly affected by planting methods and water quality while it was not affected significantly by water stress, The uptake of phosphorus in the grain and straw of wheat was significantly affected by planting methods, water quality and water depletion. The uptake of phosphorus by grain and straw of wheat was not significantly affected by water depletion. Also, data showed that the uptake of potassium in straw of wheat was not significantly affected by planting methods, water quality and water stress. The planting method and water quality had significant effect on uptake of potassium in grains but no significant with water depletion. The grain yield was significantly affected by the planting methods, water quality and water depletion except for water depletion in 2009/2010 which had no significant effect on grain yield. The highest value of crop water use efficiency was obtained with transplanting method and the lowest value was recorded with broadcast method. Concerning the water quality, the irrigation by fresh water recorded the highest value, while the lowest value was achieved with drainage water in the first and second seasons respectively, since the increase of available water resulted in an increase of crop water use efficiency. It can be concluded that the N-uptake by grain and straw of wheat plants decreased with transplanting method, increasing water salinity and water stress, whereas P-uptake by grain and straw of wheat plants decreased with increasing water salinity. It can be concluded that K uptake by grain and straw of wheat plants significantly decrease as water salinity increase. The objective of this investigation is to study the impact of wheat planting methods, irrigation water quality and levels on nutrients NPK uptake by wheat and water use efficiency.