Impact of windscreen scatter on laser eye dazzle

Williamson, Craig A.; McLin, Leon N.; Manka, Michael; Rickman, John M.; Garcia, Paul V.; Smith, Peter A.

doi:10.1364/oe.26.027033

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In particular, the correlation of haze with visual perception has been questioned since, for example, materials with nominally equal haze values can exhibit substantially different angular distributions of scattered light, which naturally correspond to observable differences in transparency. [ 15–18 ] Due to the specific instrument geometry prescribed by the current standard, haze is independent of sample placement along the optical axis—that is, clearly contrary to the common visual observation of improved material transparency when placed in contact with an object. Adding to the confusion, selected ASTM D1003 haze‐meters additionally measure “clarity” using a non‐standardized [ 19–21 ] definition for light scattered at low angles (generally correlating with the ability to resolve fine object details), according to which the clarity of a material does vary with sample placement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging‐Based Metrics Drawn from Visual Perception of Haze and Clarity of Materials. I. Method, Analysis, and Distance‐Dependent Transparency

Busato

Kremer

Perevedentsev

2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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A versatile imaging‐based method is presented for quantifying the transparency of materials based on “illumination diffusion” (ID), representing scattering‐ and refraction‐induced change in the spatial distribution of transmitted light intensity. Samples are backlit through a graticule mask, with analysis performed by comparative evaluation of graticule images recorded as‐is and viewed through a sample, mimicking visual perception. ID‐haze is quantified as the reduction of contrast, while ID‐sharpness is derived from imaged knife‐edge acuity. Measurements are performed for diverse materials, including clarified polyolefins, silica‐filled amorphous polymers, semicrystalline films, and etched polymer sheets. Comparisons with the respective haze and clarity values obtained using a common ASTM D1003 haze‐meter are made in terms of their quantitative correlation and suitability for applications. In particular, unlike conventional instruments, ID‐based analysis captures the variation of transparency with sample‐to‐object “airgap” distance. Gratifyingly, ID‐haze generally features a one‐to‐one correlation with standard ASTM haze, when determined at a specific distance. The presented method also enables sensitive detection of local defects—differentiating them from large‐area characteristics—and accurately extracts the contribution of luminescence to loss of transparency. ID‐based method therewith offers unique opportunities for application‐ and airgap‐specific transparency analysis, and advanced options for optical process‐ and quality control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging‐Based Metrics Drawn from Visual Perception of Haze and Clarity of Materials. I. Method, Analysis, and Distance‐Dependent Transparency

Busato

Kremer

Perevedentsev

2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…In the realm of non-lethal optical deterrents, the three-wavelength laser dazzler stands out as a cutting-edge device capable of disrupting and disorienting potential threats. Combining advanced laser technology with precision engineering, this innovative device emits multiple laser beams at different wavelengths to create a visually overwhelming and incapacitating effect on its targets [1][2][3][4][5][6]. By harnessing the power of light, the three-wavelength laser dazzler provides a flexible and effective means of enhancing situational awareness, ensuring the safety of personnel, and mitigating potential risks in a wide range of scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-wavelength laser dazzler soft-countermeasure

Belghachem,

BELHADEF

2023

Technologies for Optical Countermeasures XIX

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Lasers are widely used in daily activities; they are found everywhere from simple laser pointers to remote sensing devices. When a high level of laser radiation is reaching the human eyes or any imaging devices it will disrupt the vision creating what is called a dazzle effect. This effect is used by the military to decrease the combat efficiency of an enemy. Various laser dazzlers were manufactured to target personnel as well as optoelectronic devices such as cameras and missile sensors. The most advanced ones use three different wavelengths to target all the visible range and all the sensors of the imaging device. In this work, the reduction of the laser dazzle effect on focal plane array cameras is performed using two different image processing algorithms. The results show that there is a notable reduction of the dazzle effect and a massive improvement in the field of view in the enhanced images. More details can be recovered and visualized in the areas out of the central spot.

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“…Therefore, laser dazzling technology has wide application prospects in the public security field. Laser dazzling devices can cause temporary vision loss of the target without causing physical damage, which has become an important direction in the current research of high-tech nonlethal laser antiterrorism devices [3], laser radar or illuminations of car drivers [4][5][6][7]. At present, there are some reports about the development of laser dazzling devices and car driver illumination, but no specific parameters are involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of the supercontinuum laser eye dazzling effect: in vivo experimental research

Ma¹,

Fan²,

Kang³

2022

Laser Phys. Lett.

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To quantitatively evaluate the dazzling effect of each spectrum band of the supercontinuum laser, we conducted experimental research to explore the safety and dazzling of animal eyes. Under the condition of dark adaptation, the rabbit eyes were irradiated with different power densities and spectral bands by frontal incident mode for 0.25 s, which was repeated ten times. The fundus of the rabbit eyes was examined using an ophthalmoscope, and the upper limit of safe power density was explored. Rabbit eyes were irradiated with different doses of dazzling light for 0.1 s. Visual electrophysiological signals were collected dynamically, and the recovery time of the electroretinogram (ERG)-b wave amplitude of the rabbit eyes was recorded and analyzed after laser irradiation. When the power density was 8.0 mW cm−2 in visible spectrum (vs.), the recovery time of the ERG-b wave in the rabbit eye was 4.11 ± 0.67 s. When the power density was 12.0 mW cm−2 in the full spectrum (FS), the recovery time of the ERG-b wave in the rabbit eye was 4.16 ± 0.55 s. The recovery time of the ERG-b wave was 4.50 ± 0.94 s at a power density of 4.6 mW cm−2 in FS-1 and 3.81 ± 0.11 s at a power density of 5.0 mW cm−2 in the FS-2. When the power density was 628.00 mW cm−2 in infrared spectrum (IS), the recovery time of the ERG-b wave was only 0.84 ± 0.09 s. The reference values for the upper limit of the safe irradiation power density of the supercontinuum laser are set as follows: 25.2 mW cm−2 in vs., 118.4 mW cm−2 in IS and 105.0 mW cm−2 in FS. The vs., FS, FS-1 and FS-2 of the supercontinuum laser had a good dazzling effect on rabbit eyes, and the dazzling effect was enhanced with increasing radiation power density, but the IS had little dazzling effect.

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Impact of windscreen scatter on laser eye dazzle

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Imaging‐Based Metrics Drawn from Visual Perception of Haze and Clarity of Materials. I. Method, Analysis, and Distance‐Dependent Transparency

Imaging‐Based Metrics Drawn from Visual Perception of Haze and Clarity of Materials. I. Method, Analysis, and Distance‐Dependent Transparency

Three-wavelength laser dazzler soft-countermeasure

Quantitative evaluation of the supercontinuum laser eye dazzling effect: in vivo experimental research

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