Impact on driving performance of intelligent speed adaptation, following distance warning and seatbelt reminder systems: key findings from the TAC SafeCar project

Regan, Michael; Young, Kristie Lee; Triggs, Thomas J; Tomasevic, Nebojsa; Mitsopoulos, E; Tierney, Paul; Healy, David; Tingvall, Claes; Stephan, Karen

doi:10.1049/ip-its:20055010

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Although evidence indicates that enhanced seat belt reminders (ESBRs) are more effective in eliciting seat belt use than basic reminders (e.g., Freedman et al, 2007;Regan et al, 2006), little is known about the particular system features that are most effective in eliciting seat belt use. Furthermore, ideal enhanced seat belt reminder systems must effectively encourage occupants to use seat belts without causing such great annoyance that consumers reject vehicle models with these systems or take action to disable the vehicle's seat belt reminder systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum required reminder provides an auditory signal for four to eight seconds after vehicle startup and a visual signal for one minute following vehicle startup (if the driver is unbelted). In an effort to provide more effective seat belt reminders, some automotive manufacturers have implemented enhanced seat belt reminder systems that continue to alert drivers and passengers to use seat belts beyond the initial seconds following vehicle startup.Although evidence indicates that enhanced seat belt reminders (ESBRs) are more effective in eliciting seat belt use than basic reminders (e.g., Freedman et al, 2007;Regan et al, 2006), little is known about the particular system features that are most effective in eliciting seat belt use. Furthermore, ideal enhanced seat belt reminder systems must effectively encourage occupants to use seat belts without causing such great annoyance that consumers reject vehicle models with these systems or take action to disable the vehicle's seat belt reminder systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness and Acceptance of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: Characteristics of Optimal Reminder Systems

Freedman¹,

Lerner²,

Zador³

et al. 2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR): Stephanie Binder AbstractThis report summarizes and synthesizes the findings of two complementary studies conducted to investigate factors related to enhanced seat belt reminder (ESBR) effectiveness and acceptance. It also provides recommendations for ESBR design and suggests a conceptual rating system for ESBRs. A field observational study found that belt use rates of drivers in vehicles with most types of ESBR systems was about 3 to 4 percentage points higher than drivers in vehicles without ESBRs, whose observed belt use rate was 85 percent. The most significant increases in belt use were found among occupant groups with the lowest belt use propensities. A separate system feature study experimentally compared alternative seat belt reminder systems and displays to determine which systems and components drivers find to be most effective, attention-getting, annoying, and desirable. Systems with more aggressive reminder displays and more frequent repetition patterns were perceived to be the most effective, and sounds were perceived to be more effective than visual displays. Perceived effectiveness and annoyance of individual displays were strongly correlated. There is good agreement between the two studies on the association of a greater likelihood of seat belt use with ESBR systems in general and the importance of including an auditory component to the system. Belt use rates based on averaging estimates for age/gender groups were strongly correlated according to system features. Based on the findings of these two studies, together with other literature, a set of recommendations for effective ESBR design are provided. Based on these criteria, a conceptual rating scheme was developed to provide a numeric figure-of-merit for ESBR systems. The rating scheme is preliminary and will require validation before use. Key WordsOccupant protection, seat belt, enhanced reminder, ESBR, consumer acceptance, in-vehicle displays Distribution StatementThis report is free of charge from the NHTSA Web site at www.nhtsa.dot.gov SummarySeat belt nonuse is a serious highway safety problem in the United States. Despite a steady increase in seat belt use rates, nearly one in five front seat passenger vehicle occupants was not wearing a seat belt in 2007 (Glassbrenner & Ye, 2007). Individuals who do not wear seat belts are far more likely to be killed or seriously injured in a crash. In fact, more than half of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers were not wearing seat belts at the time of the crash (Traffic Safety Facts: Occupant Protection, 2007).All passenger vehicles sold in the United States are required to provide a seat belt reminder upon vehicle startup to encourage the driver to use the seat belt. The minimum required reminder provides an auditory signal for four to eight seconds after vehicle startup and a visual signal for one minute following vehicle startup (if the driver is unbelted). In an effort to provide more effective seat belt reminders, some automotive ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Acceptance of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: Characteristics of Optimal Reminder Systems

Freedman¹,

Lerner²,

Zador³

et al. 2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Use of the ISA system resulted in a significant reduction in average and peak travel speeds and in the percentage of time spent travelling above the speed limit. The system was most effective at reducing speeds in 60 km/h zones, but importantly also showed no increase in the amount of time it took drivers to reach their destination (Regan et al, 2006) 11 .…”

Section: Identifying and Promoting Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Road Safety

Cockfield

2011

International Transport Forum Discussion Papers

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.

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“…Fully counterbalanced designs tend not to be used because it is assumed that there will be a substantial learning impact of function availability, but ABA designs have been applied to examine such learning effects (Lai et al, 2007) and counter-balancing has been used when investigating the impacts of a range of functions both singly and in conjunction (Regan et al, 2006). Thus the major rationale is to compare baseline behaviour to behaviour with the system activated, and to assign behavioural changes to the influence of the system.…”

Section: Field Operational Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle-based studies of driving in the real world: The hard truth?

Carsten

Kircher

Jamson

2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Real-world studies of driving behaviour and safety have face validity and have the distinct advantage of focussing on driving in its natural habitat. But their very naturalism can lead to problems with confounds and with noise in the data. This paper reviews the three major categories of on-road studies -controlled observation studies, field operational tests and naturalistic driving studiesand discusses the major applications of each study type. It also assesses some of the methodological issues that arise in one or more category of study.

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Impact on driving performance of intelligent speed adaptation, following distance warning and seatbelt reminder systems: key findings from the TAC SafeCar project

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Effectiveness and Acceptance of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: Characteristics of Optimal Reminder Systems

Effectiveness and Acceptance of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: Characteristics of Optimal Reminder Systems

Road Safety

Vehicle-based studies of driving in the real world: The hard truth?

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