Impact on environment, ecosystem, diversity and health from culturing and using GMOs as feed and food

Abstract

Modern agriculture provides the potential for sustainable feeding of the world's increasing population. Up to the present moment, genetically modified (GM) products have enabled increased yields and reduced pesticide usage. Nevertheless, GM products are controversial amongst policy makers, scientists and the consumers, regarding their possible environmental, ecological, and health risks. Scientific-and-political debates can even influence legislation and prospective risk assessment procedure. Currently, the scientifically-assessed direct hazardous impacts of GM food and feed on fauna and flora are conflicting; indeed, a review of literature available data provides some evidence of GM environmental and health risks. Although the consequences of gene flow and risks to biodiversity are debatable. Risks to the environment and ecosystems can exist, such as the evolution of weed herbicide resistance during GM cultivation. A matter of high importance is to provide precise knowledge and adequate current information to regulatory agencies, governments, policy makers, researchers, and commercial GMO-releasing companies to enable them to thoroughly investigate the possible risks.

What Causes Different Sentiment Classification on Social Network Services? Evidence from Weibo with Genetically Modified Food in China

“…This work was done manually by the following steps. (1) We removed the microblogs that were not closely related to the topic. Some microblogs only had the word "genetically modified" in the text, but the content was not about genetically modified events.…”

“…Genetic Engineering, Genetic Modification (GM) or Genetic Manipulation is the transfer of genes with known functional traits such as high yield, stress resistance, disease resistance, and improved nutritional quality into the target organism through modern scientific and technological means so that the recipient organism can add new functions based on the original genetic characteristics [1]. Compared to the traditional hybrid breeding technology, GM can obtain the excellent traits that the former is difficult to produce, so it has great prospects.…”

Um Inquérito Sobre a Opinião, Conhecimentos e Necessidades de Formação dos Médicos Relativamente aos Alimentos Transgénicos

“…Resultados da análise de correspondência entre as questões e caracterásticas sociodemográficas (n = 278). Alimentos transgénicos e ambiente 16 (5,8) 64 (23,2) 196 (71,0)…”

“…9 Há já estudos que apontam para impactos negativos na saúde. 21,22 Outras preocupações estão relacionadas com questões ambientais 23,24 e éticas, 25,26 o que possivelmente leva grupos específicos a duvidar dos atuais resultados científicos onde se conclui que os AT são seguros. 21,22 Na questão ambiental possivelmente o uso de sementes resistentes a pragas pode levar as ervas daninhas e herbívoros a adquirirem resistência.…”

“…Essa resistência pode acarretar um maior uso de agrotóxicos e, consequentemente, aumenta os resíduos desses produtos nos alimentos e no próprio ambiente, desencadeando desequilíbrios ecológicos. 23,24 Já dentro das questões éticas leva em conta, alguns princípios em debate, como, por exemplo do princípio da justiça (irreversibilidade face aos mais desfavorecidos, face ainda aos que não nasceram), princípio da não maleficência (garantia de segurança versus possibilidade de segurança) e princípio do respeito (direito a saber o que se semeia e come). 25,26…”