“…209 articles continued to the full text screening stage, of which 119 studies were selected for inclusion in our meta-analysis with a total of 117,143 participants ( Table 1A ). All 119 studies were cross-sectional observational studies ( Agberotimi et al., 2020 ; Alah et al., 2021 ; Ali et al., 2020 , 2022 , 2021 ; Alonso et al., 2021 ; Alshehri and Alghamdi, 2021 ; Asnakew et al., 2021 ; Ayalew et al., 2022 ; Azoulay et al., 2021 ; Bassi et al., 2021 ; Benzakour et al., 2022 ; Bizri et al., 2022 ; Bonzini et al., 2022 ; Bulut et al., 2021 ; Caillet et al., 2020 ; Caliandro et al., 2022 ; Carmassi et al., 2022 , 2021a , 2021b ; Chang et al., 2022 ; Chan et al., 2021 ; Chatzittofis et al., 2021 ; Chaudhary et al., 2021 ; B. Chen et al., 2022 ; Cheng et al., 2020 ; Chen et al., 2021 ; Chew et al., 2020 ; Chowdhury et al., 2021 ; Civantos et al., 2020a , 2020b ; Cortés-Álvarez and Vuelvas-Olmos, 2020 ; Costantini et al., 2022 ; Crowe et al., 2022 ; Demartini et al., 2020 ; Dobson et al., 2021 ; Dykes et al., 2022 ; Ergai et al., 2022 ; Essadek et al., 2022 ; Fattori et al., 2021 ; Geng et al., 2021 ; Gilleen et al., 2021 ; Gorini et al., 2020 ; Guo et al., 2021 ; Hajure et al., 2021 ; Hasanvandi et al., 2022 ; Honarmand et al., 2022 ; Hong et al., 2021 ; Huarcaya-Victoria et al., 2022 ; …”