Impact response of high density flexible polyurethane foam

Zaretsky, E.; Asaf, Z.; Ran, Eylam; Aizik, F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.09.004

Cited by 48 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition, we also consider the structured wave results of Zaretsky et al 38 for polyurethane foam. In place of the flow stress, which is a known input for the calculations, we utilize a hardness measurement made through micro-or nanoindentation because it is more readily available for the brittle ceramics and sugar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the scaling of steady structured waves in heterogeneous materials

Vogler

Borg

Grady

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Large amplitude steady waves in materials have been observed to display certain scaling relationships between the strain rate and the stress amplitude. In many homogeneous materials, strain rate scales with stress to the fourth power. However, scaling of strain rate with stress to the first, second, and fourth power has been found for different classes of heterogeneous materials. We examine wave structures for three classes of heterogeneous materials through mesoscale simulations that resolve the scale of heterogeneity explicitly. We utilize these simulations to gain insight into the scaling phenomena observed and to identify the critical non-dimensional parameters for the phenomena. These parameters are then applied to the available experimental data for the three classes. The same set of non-dimensional groups is found to be appropriate for layered and particulate composite materials, while somewhat different groups are found for granular materials. Two different types of simulations lead to different conclusions on the need for the inclusion of strength in the non-dimensionalization for granular materials. The groups formed are found to collapse the experimental data quite well when the strength parameter is not included. Finally, a simple model for granular materials demonstrates that the crucial aspect of their behavior that controls the scaling of waves is the need for mass transfer to close voids in the material. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.[This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Downloaded to ] IP: 130.88.90.110 On: Sat, 20 Dec 2014 10:42:31 FIG. 11. Relationship between stress and strain rate for simulations of 2-D particulate composites in which (a) particle diameter and (b) materials are varied. Also shown for comparison is a power-law scaling relationship of stress to the fourth power.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soda lime glass 17 was assumed to have the same hardness as fused silica. 40 Lacking information on the specific polyurethane studied, 38 its hardness was assumed to be the same as that of teflon. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the scaling of steady structured waves in heterogeneous materials

Vogler

Borg

Grady

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…see Refs. [33,37,38]), and more recent impact experiments on open and closed cell metal foams (e.g., Refs. [6,34e36]) reported shock formation above a certain critical impact speed (for a more complete review of the experimental literature see Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of relative density on the crushing and energy absorption of open-cell foams under impact

Gaitanaros

Kyriakides

2015

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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a b s t r a c tMicromechanically accurate random foams are used to examine the effect of relative density on the crushing response and energy absorption of aluminum open-cell foams for a range of loading rates. Random soap froth microstructures generated with the Surface Evolver software are dressed with shear deformable beam elements with material distribution that mimics measured values. Foam models of relative densities between 3.67% and 10.0% are crushed first quasi-statically and then dynamically in a direct impact setting covering impact speeds that ranged from sub-to super-critical. Under quasi-static crushing, the limit and plateau stresses and the energy absorbed were found to increase linearly with relative density while the densification strains exhibit a modest linear decrease. In the shock regime, for all densities the proximal stresses rise significantly with relative density whereas the distal ones follow the more modest linear increase of the quasi-static limit stress. The Hugoniot strain depends strongly on impact speed approaching asymptotically values corresponding to the densification of the material at the high end. The energy induced to the material as it crosses the shock also increases also parabolically with impact speed. It was further confirmed that given the shock front velocity-impact speed Hugoniot the rest of the dynamic variables for each foam density can be estimated from the fundamental jump conditions for shocks in solids. For all densities examined it was illustrated that the transition from quasistatic to shock behavior is a process that spans several impact speeds. The transitional range moves to moderately higher velocities as the foam density increases.

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“…Amaral-Labat et al presented the mechanical properties of heat-treated organic foams [7]. Zaretsky et al studied the impact response of high density flexible polyurethane foams [8]. Saint-Michael et al studied the mechanical properties of high density polyurethane foams [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visco-hyperelastic constitutive model for modeling the quasi-static behavior of polyurethane foam in large deformation

Jmal

Dupuis

et al. 2014

Polym Eng Sci

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Flexible polyurethane foam is widely used in numerous applications such as seats and mattresses, due to its low stiffness and its ability to absorb deformation energy. The main objective of this article is to model the quasi-static mechanical behavior of three types of polyurethane foam in large deformation and to compare these three foams with three proposed models. The uniaxial compression/ decompression tests at three different strain rates were performed. The test results show that the three foams present different plateau stresses, maximum stresses, and abilities to absorb energy. Moreover, polyurethane foam also presents a nonlinear hyperelastic behavior and a viscoelastic behavior in large deformation. Three viscohyperelastic models which include a hyperelastic component and a memory component are proposed to model these behaviors. Model parameters were identified using the experimental data and a proper identification method. These models were validated on these three types of foam with the aim to present comparison results. The comparison results show that Ogden's viscoelastic model best agrees with the experimental results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1795SCI., 55: -1804SCI., 55: , 2015

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Impact response of high density flexible polyurethane foam

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

On the scaling of steady structured waves in heterogeneous materials

On the scaling of steady structured waves in heterogeneous materials

On the effect of relative density on the crushing and energy absorption of open-cell foams under impact

Visco-hyperelastic constitutive model for modeling the quasi-static behavior of polyurethane foam in large deformation

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