Impact sensitivity of liquid explosives

Abstract

The impact sensitivity of 58 liquid explosives (HEs) and melts of solid HEs were determined. Correlations between the impact sensitivity of liquid HEs and the maximum volumetric heat of explosion were obtained, allowing one to predict the sensitivity of liquid HEs based on the physicochemical properties and element composition of HEs. The limiting capabilities of liquid HEs are considered.

Examining the chemical and structural properties that influence the sensitivity of energetic nitrate esters

“…In some cases the rebound impact causes reaction, and liquids likely initiate with a different mechanism than solids. 52 , 53 It was interesting to note the difference between liquid and solid PETN–CH where, like nitroglycerin, the difference in impact sensitivity is likely due to bubble collapse in the liquid. 54 Therefore, it is particularly important to take care when directly comparing liquid to solid materials.…”

High-density insensitive energetic materials: 2,4,6-tris(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine

“…The original procedure for preparation of compound 1 involved prolonged reuxing a mixture of cyanuric chloride (6) and uorodinitroethanol (7) in methylene chloride in the presence of pyridine, giving target crude product as viscous yellow oil in 38% yield. Tedious purication had reproducibility problems and the yield of pure colorless solid compound 1 was low (in our hands, no more than 15% of the pure product).…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Energetic molecules that contain a C(NO 2 ) 2 F moiety typically show lower impact sensitivity than similar compounds that contain a C(NO 2 ) 3 moiety. 7,8 These uorine and oxygen rich energetic compounds are promising ingredients of metallized formulations for composite propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Given the importance of C(NO 2 ) 2 F moiety in energetic compounds and the fact that a large majority of promising explosives and propellant ingredients contain a high nitrogen heterocyclic backbone, it is not surprising that combination of these structural motifs in a molecule is a topic of current interest to the energetic material community.…”

Development of validated QSPR models for impact sensitivity of nitroaliphatic compounds

“…2) was developed by considering a complete validation method (including external validation): logh 50% = 1.727-0.205OB 100 (9) It has to be noticed that this model is similar to the equation proposed by Kamlet [10] even if this last was only developed for C(NO 2 ) 3 compounds, i.e. presenting terminal C(NO 2 ) 3 groups: Table S1.…”

“…Many QSPR models have been already developed for this property [7][8][9] and, some of them, for nitroaliphatic compounds. The first one was published by Kamlet [10] in 1976 for trinitroaliphatic compounds and consisted in a simple linear equation based on the oxygen balance that characterizes the oxydability of explosives.…”