Impact test comparisons of 20th and 21st century American football helmets

Bartsch, Adam; Benzel, Edward C.; Miele, Vincent; Prakash, Vikas

doi:10.3171/2011.9.jns111059

Cited by 49 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…More recently, others compared the response of a NOCSAE headform on a Hybrid III neckform when struck by a swinging, helmeted NOCSAE headform (Bartsch et al, 2012). They examined five impact locations using three different impact speeds and found that leather helmets performed as well or better than modern helmets in terms of reducing linear, and angular accelerations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Breedlove

Bowman

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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Although the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standards are similar for football and lacrosse helmets, it remains unknown how helmets for each sport compare on drop tests. Due to the increased concern over head injury in sport and the rapid growth in lacrosse participation, it is useful to compare the performance of various football and lacrosse helmets. Therefore, the goal of this study was to document the impact attenuation properties of football and lacrosse helmets and to identify the relative performance between helmets for the two sports. Six models of football and six models of lacrosse helmets were tested using a drop tower at three prescribed velocities and six locations on the helmets. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of sport on Gadd Severity Index (GSI) scores and linear accelerations. The interaction between location and sport was significant at the low (F=7.68, P<.001, η=.025), medium (F=16.78, P<.001, η=.085), and high (F=16.67, P<.001, η=.093) velocities for GSI scores. When comparing peak acceleration results, we found a significant interaction between location and sport for the medium (F=5.57, P=.001, ω=.031) and high (F=6.4, P<.001, ω=.047) velocities. Features of football helmet design provide superior protection compared to lacrosse helmets. Further investigation of helmet design features across sports will yield insight into how design features influence helmet performance during laboratory testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Breedlove

Bowman

et al. 2016

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Helmet designs have also greatly improved as the risk of concussions is better understood (Hodgson, 1975;Bartsch et al, 2012;Viano et al, 2006). Laboratory measurements of head acceleration, while wearing a helmet, have been conducting using linear impact and angular impact methods.…”

Section: Comparison Of Acceleration Sensors For American Football Helmentioning

confidence: 96%

Comparison of acceleration sensors for American football helmet impacts

Anderson

2015

IJIT

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This paper presents experimental results comparing the detected acceleration values from sensors measuring American football helmet impacts. The sensors used in the study include a laser vibrometer, a research grade accelerometer, an Impakt Protective, Inc. Shockbox® Football Helmet Sensor, a Reebok CHECKLIGHT TM sensor, and a Pressure Analysis Company, Inc. prototype sensor. A human head model was placed into a Riddell helmet and this helmet was then affixed to a pendulum. The helmet was pulled back and allowed to collide with a large granite block to create a frontal, forehead area impact on the helmet. A comparison is made of the detected accelerations from these sensors with a wide range of impact velocities, along with a repeatability determination of several measurements made for two selected impact velocities.

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“…An initial comparison of leather helmets to varsity helmets, evaluating several parameters including angular acceleration, linear acceleration, neck force and neck moment, showed that the risk of head injury may be comparable even with the use of leather helmets [95]. A more thorough study comparing varsity helmets with leather helmets showed consistent superiority of varsity helmets in head protection [96] and prior finding by Bartsch et al was attributed to lower impact energy (impact velocity of 5.0 m/s) and impactor set up that added compliance to the system and masking their differences.…”

Section: Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helmets, head injury and concussion in sport

Bonfield

Shin

Kanter

2015

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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Research on the mechanism of concussion in recent years has been focused on the mechanism of injury as well as strategies to minimize or reverse injury. Sports-related head injury research has led to the development of head protective gear that has evolved over the years. Headgears have been designed to protect athletes from skull fractures, subdural hemorrhages and concussions. Over the years, through experience of athletes and continued scientific research, improvements in helmet design have been made. Although these advances have decreased the number of catastrophic injuries throughout sports, the effects on concussions are promising, but largely unproven. In this review, we will discuss development of helmets and studies analyzing their level of protection for both concussion and head injury. This will help us understand what future developments are still needed to minimize the risk of concussion among athletes in various forms of sports.

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Impact test comparisons of 20th and 21st century American football helmets

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Impact attenuation capabilities of football and lacrosse helmets

Comparison of acceleration sensors for American football helmet impacts

Helmets, head injury and concussion in sport

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