Impacto de inseticidas neonicotinoides em abelhas africanizadas e nativas sem ferrão (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): toxicidade, alterações na atividade de locomoção e riqueza de espécies em pomares de citros

Abstract

Wild and managed bees are essential for crop pollination and food production. However, the widespread use of insecticides such as neonicotinoids may affect the survival, development, behavior, and maintenance of bee colonies. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the impacts of three neonicotinoid insecticides