Impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida de la gestante

Abstract

RESUMENObjetivo Identificar los factores determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral (OHIP-14) en una población de mujeres embarazadas. Métodos En el estudio participaron 90 pacientes embarazadas, 45 inmigrantes y 45 españolas. Las participantes completaron el cuestionario de OHIP-14 (versión española) y se les exploró el índice CAOD (presencia de caries, ausencia de dientes por caries y dientes obturados) en el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Se realizó un estudio analítico bivariante y multivariante. Resultados La edad media de las participantes inmigrantes fue 30,2 años y de las españolas de 34,4. La puntuación media de OHIP-14 fue de 5,83±6,57, siendo en el grupo de inmigrantes de 8,15 y en las nacionales de 3,51, manifestando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0.001). Las puntuaciones más altas del OHIP-14 se presentaron en los dominios de dolor (110), seguido del malestar psicológico (81). Tomando como punto de corte el valor de la mediana en la puntuación del OHIP-14 (≥3), el Odds ratio de sentir una salud oral que interfiere en la calidad de vida fue de 3,294 y este riesgo se potenció con el padecimiento de caries (4,323) pero no con la edad. Conclusiones Dado que la experiencia de caries, pudiera ser uno de los determinantes en la valoración de percibir una peor calidad de vida oral durante el embarazo, se necesitarían más estudios que lo corroborasen, y así ampliar las expectativas preventivas en el desarrollo de la salud oral por parte de la política sanitaria.Palabras Clave: Embarazo, calidad de vida, odontología en salud pública, caries dental (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACTObjective To identify the factors that determine quality of life related to oral health (OHIP-14) in a population of pregnant women. Methods This study included ninety pregnant women, 45 immigrants and 45 from Spain. Participants completed the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14) -Spanish version-and the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) was explored during the second trimester of pregnancy. A bivariate and multivariate analytical study was performed. Results The average age of immigrant participants was 30.2, and of Spanish women 34.4. The mean OHIP-14 score was 5. 83±6.57 (8.15 in the immigrant group and 3.51 in the Spanish group), showing a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). The highest OHIP-14 scores were related to pain (110), followed by psychological distress (81). Considering the median value in the OHIP-14 score as a cut-off (≥3), the odds ratio for oral health that interferes with quality of life was 3 294, and this risk was increased by caries (4 323) but not by age. Conclusions Since the DMFT could be one of the determining factors for worst quality of life in pregnant patients, more studies to corroborate this information are necessary in order to expand preventive expectations in the practice of oral health in relation to policies.

Poor oral health‐related quality of life among pregnant women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Four studies assessed the impact of caries indices’ scores on PQoL. Two were conducted in upper middle‐income countries, 15,18 one was from a higher income country, 19 and the fourth from a lower middle‐income country 7 . Studies were published between 2009 and 2018, and the sample size ranged from 90 to 512.…”

“…After detailed assessment of the citations, 11 studies were included. 2,3,7,8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] A systematic review and meta-analysis were chosen to undertake this research. The main question was as follows: what are the impacts of the oral health determinants, including the frequency of brushing < 2/ day, poor lifestyle, non-white ethnicity, DMFT index and periodontal disease on PQoL among pregnant women.…”

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Native and Immigrant Populations in the PELFI Study in Spain

“…In Spain, in particular, there are only epidemiological studies on oral health in children. These studies compare caries between immigrant children and native children [17,18], and there is a study that evaluates the impact of oral health on the quality of life in a group of immigrant and Spanish pregnant women [19]. In general, the studies indicate that the impact of oral health on quality of life could be greater among immigrant groups, taking into account other factors such as the time since migration, socioeconomic aspects, and determinants related to access to health services [7].…”

Adequação da assistência odontológica pré-natal: desigualdades sociais e geográficas em uma região metropolitana do Brasil

“…Estudos revelam presença de dor dental em mulheres no período gestacional 44 , o que pode ser causa do impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida das gestantes no Brasil e no mundo relatado em estudos 13,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23] . Muitas gestantes não procuram o cirurgião-dentista para atendimento, mesmo em caso de dor dentária 47 , principalmente por medo dos procedimentos odontológicos, da anestesia dentária, do tratamento odontológico prejudicar o bebê e da ocorrência de hemorragias bucais 48 .…”

“…O OHIP-14 foi adaptado transculturalmente 15 e utilizado no Brasil especificamente para mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal [15][16][17][18][19][20] . Estudos semelhantes também já foram realizados em outros países 21,22,23 .…”