Impacto de óleos essenciais de plantas brasileiras sobre parâmetros de fermentação ruminal, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio em ovinos

Abstract

Five experiments were developed in order to evaluate the effect of providing essential oils on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in lambs. In the first experiment (Experiment I) it was evaluated a commercial product having as active principle pepper essential oil (Activo®), the experimental treatments were: negative controlbasal diet (30% roughage and 70% concentrate,% DM); positive control -basal diet plus 25 mg monensin per kg of natural matter (NM) and basal diet plus 100, 200 or 300 ppm Activo® (% DM). The remaining four experiments, besides of the treatments negative and positive control described in the first experiment, were also evaluated the inclusion in the diet 1.09; 2.18 or 3.27 mL/kg dry matter of essential oil extracted from West Indian lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus (Experiment II); Essential oil extracted from the fruit of the Brazilian peppertree; Schinus terebinthifolius (Experiment III); essential oil extracted from Lemon grass; Cymbopogon flexuosus (Experiment IV) or essential oil extracted from the leaves of the Brazilian peppertree;Schinus terebinthifolius (Experiment V). In the first experiment, there was no effect of treatments on ruminal concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). However, when compared to the positive control, the supply of Activo® increased dry matter intake (DMI) and reduced nutrient digestibility. In the second experiment, there was no effect of treatments on ruminal fermentation characteristics, however, the digestibility of CP was higher in diets containing monensin or essential oil of lemon grass compared to the control treatment. In the experiments III, IV and V, there was no effect of treatments on any of the variables studied. Thereby, the most promising results were observed for the experiment with essential oil of lemon grass, because of the beneficial on the digestibility of crude protein.Keywords: Sheep. Rumen. Plant extracts. Additives. Essencial oils. Digestibility Da mesma forma, 2 g/kg de MS consumida de di-alil-di-sulfeto reduziu em 11% a emissão de CH4 em ovinos, efeitos que perduraram por 23 dias (KLEVENHUSEN et al., 2010). Em outro estudo, foi observado que 10 mL de óleo essencial de eucalipto reduziu em 31% a emissão de CH4 por ovinos (SALLAM et al., 2009). LISTA DE FIGURAS EXPERIMENTO II: DIGESTIBILIDADE DOS NUTRIENTES, PARÂMETROS RUMINAIS E BALANÇO DE NITROGÊNIO EM BORREGOS ALIMENTADOS COM DIETAS COM ALTO CONCENTRADO CONTENDO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CAPIM CIDREIRA (Cymbopogon citratus)Com objetivos de manipular o ecossistema da microbiota ruminal, melhorando a digestibilidade da fibra, reduzindo a produção de metano e a excreção de nitrogênio e consequente melhora no desempenho de ruminantes, extratos de plantas com alguns compostos secundários (cinamaldeído, eugenol, carvacrol, timol, limoneno) são indicados na alimentação de ruminantes (TEFEREDEGNE, 2000; WANAPAT et al., 2008a).Sasaponinas são compostos secundários de uma planta conhecida por yucca (Yucca schidigera) e trabalhos tem mostrado redução na concentração de am...