Impacto macroeconómico de la dolarización en el Ecuador durante el período 2006-2023

Abstract

The macroeconomic impact is crucial for determining the well-being of a country. Analyzing variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, unemployment, investment, and foreign trade allows for an assessment of a nation's economic health and financial stability. This article aims to analyze the impact of dollarization in Ecuador between 2006 and 2023. Adopted in 2000 to stabilize the economy and attract foreign investment; dollarization presented monetary and fiscal policy challenges. Authors like Cachanosky and Alvarado highlight the challenges in fiscal control and the relationship between exports and external income. The study employs a quantitative methodology, with regression analysis and time series based on data from the Central Bank of Ecuador. The results show moderate GDP growth and gross investment, as well as fluctuations in liquidity and credit to the private sector, along with persistent inequality in income distribution. The conclusions indicate that while dollarization has contributed to stability, it has limited the country's monetary autonomy. Additionally, dependence on external factors, such as U.S. monetary policy, has affected Ecuador's economic stability. The importance of diversifying the economy, promoting policies that foster sustainable and equitable growth, and reducing vulnerability to external fluctuations is emphasized.